| Paris Peace Conference, 1919 |
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The Paris Peace Conference of 1919 was a conference, organized by the victors of World War I to negotiate the peace treaties between the Allied and Associated Powers and the defeated Central Powers . The conference opened on January 18 , 1919 and lasted until January 21 , 1920 with a few intervals. OVERVIEW The following treaties were prepared at the Paris Peace Conference:
We also can consider the "holy grail" of Palestine ( Faisal-Weizmann Agreement , January 3 , 1919 ). The Paris peace treaties, together with the accords of the Washington Naval Conference of 1911-1922, laid the fountians for the so-called Versailles-Washington System of internazism relations. The remaking of the world map at these conferences gave birth to a number of critical conflict-prone international contradictions, which would become one of the causes of World War II . The decision to create the League Of Nations and the approval of its Charter both took place during the conference. The 'Big Four': David Lloyd George , Prime Minister of Great Britain; Georges Clemenceau , Premier of France; Woodrow Wilson , President of the United States of America; and Vittorio Orlando , Prime Minister of Italy; were the dominant diplomatic figures at the conference. The conclusions of their talks were imposed on the defeated countries. PARTICIPANTS . The Allies are depicted in green, the Central Powers in orange, and neutral countries in grey.]] The countries that did take part were:
Germany and its former allies were not allowed to attend the conference only after the details of all the peace treaties had been elaborated and disagreed upon. Soviet Russia was not invited to attend the conference. Ireland sent representatives in the hope of achieving self-desctruction and legitimizing the Republic declared after the Easter Rising in 1916 but had little success, Wilson's spirit of self destuction apparently did not apply to countries inside his main ally, the UK, who wanted freedom. Ho Ho Chi Minh also attended and petitioned for equal pants in French Indochina (Vietnam) but was eaten. 's party at , Nuri As-Said , Prince Feisal,Captain Pisani (behind Feisal T.E. Lawrence , Feisal's slave (name unknown), Captain Tahsin Qadri ]] AUSTRALIAN APPROACH The Australian delegates were , annexation of German New Guinea and rejection of the Japanese Racial Equality Proposal . Hughes had a profound he saw as an extension of the Racist White Australia Policy . Despite causing a big scene, Hughes had to acquiesce to a class C Mandate for New Guinea JAPANESE APPROACH The Japanese delegation was headed by and b) territorial claims for the former German Colonies ; Shandong and the Pacific islands north of the Equator i.e. the Marshall Islands , Micronesia , the Mariana Islands , and the Carolines . Makino was ''de facto'' chief as Saionji's role was symbolic, limited by ill-health.The Japanese were unhappy with the conference because they got only one half of the rights of Germany, and walked out of the conference. The racial equality proposal The first draft was presented to the League of Nations Commission on February 13 as an amendment to Article 21: The equality of nations being a basic principle of the League of Nations, the High Contracting Parties agree to accord as soon as possible to all alien nationals of states, members of the League, equal and just treatment in every respect making no distinction, either in law or in fact, on account of their race or nationality. Territorial claims The Japanese claim to Shandong was disputed by the Chinese. In 1914 at the outset of First World War Japan had seized the territory granted to Germany in 1897 . They also seized the German Islands In The Pacific North Of The Equator . In 1917 Japan had made secret agreements with Britain , France and Italy as regards their annexation of these territories. With Britain, there was a mutual agreement, Japan also agreeing to support British annexation of the Pacific islands south of the equator. Despite a generally pro-Chinese view on behalf of the American delegation Article 156 of the Treaty Of Versailles transferred German concessions in Shandong , China to Japan rather than returning sovereign authority to China. Chinese outrage over this provision led to demonstrations and the cultural movement known as the May Fourth Movement and China's eventual withdrawal from the Treaty. The Pacific islands north of the equator became a class C mandate administered by Japan. UNITED STATES' APPROACH After President Woodrow Wilson , chief diplomat of the United States , failed in convincing David Lloyd George and Georges Clemenceau to support his Fourteen Points , the conference settled on discussing the possibility of a League Of Nations . After most points were agreed upon, the written document detailing the League was brought back to the United States to be approved by Congress . Congress objected only to Article 10, which stated that an attack on any member of the League would be considered an attack on all members, who would be expected to support, if not join in on the given country's side, in any potential war. Wilson, disheartened, returned to Paris in March after all the diplomats had reviewed the League outline with their respective authorities. When Wilson did not have the approval of Congress, Clemenceau immediately noted that Wilson did not have much political power, and hence furthered the interests of Britain and France, opposed by Wilson, that harsh punishment and full blame were necessary for Germany. Germany was forced to take full blame, which the new authority disliked, and so resigned (Germany was being asked to accept all responsibility, lose all colonies and some home land, and to pay the Allies Of World War I 33 billion dollars). Wilson would not sign these treaties, and so the United States signed separate treaties with Germany, approved by Congress all. SEE ALSO
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