| Pafnuty Chebyshev |
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Pafnuty Lvovich Chebyshev () ( – ) was a Russia n Mathematician . His name is also Transliterated in various ways, e. g. as '''Chebyshov''', '''Tchebycheff''' or '''Tschebyscheff''' (obsolete French and German transcriptions). One of nine children, he was born in the village of Okatovo, the district of Borovsk , Province Of Kaluga . His father was the wealthy landowner Lev Pavlovich Chebyshev. Pafnuty Lvovich got his first education at home from his mother Agrafena Ivanovna Chebysheva (reading and writing) and his cousin Avdotya Kvintillianovna Sukhareva (French and arithmetic). His music-teacher also played an important role in Chebyshev's education, for she "brought up his mind to exactness and analysis", as Chebyshev himself mentioned. Possibly a physical handicap, whose reasons are yet unknown, was important for Chebyshev's adolescence and development: He limped since his childhood and walked with a stick. Therefore his parents had to give up the idea to make an officer's career possible for him, although he would have followed the family's tradition. His complaint prevented him from most of the usual children's games, so very soon he devoted himself to a passion, which would determine his whole life: the construction of mechanisms. In 1832 the family moved to Moscow mainly to attend to the education of their eldest sons (Pafnuty and Pavel, who would become lawyers). The education continued at home, P. N. Pogorelski was engaged as a teacher for mathematics and physics, who was held as one of the best teachers in Moscow and, e. g. had educated the writer Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev . For the other subjects teachers with excellent reputation were invited, too. In summer 1837 Chebyshev passed the registration examinations and in september he started the studies of mathematics at the second philosophical department of Moscow university. Among his teachers were counted N.D. Brashman , N.E. Zernov and D.M. Perevoshchikov . No doubt that among them Brashman had the greatest influence on Chebyshev. He instructed him in practical mechanics and probably showed him the work of the French engineer J.V. Poncelet . In 1841 Chebyshev was awarded the silver medal for his work "calculation of the roots of equations" which had already been finished in 1838. In this contribution Chebyshev derived an approximating algorithm for the solution of algebraic equations of nth degree based on Newton's Algorithm . In the same year he finished his studies as "most outstanding candidate". In 1841 Chebyshev's financial situation drastically changed. In Russia a famine broke out, Chebyshev's parents were forced to leave the city and were not able to support their son anymore. Nevertheless he decided to continue his mathematical studies and prepared the master examinations which spread over half a year. He passed the final examination in October 1843. 1846 he defended his master thesis "An Attempt to an Elementary Analysis of Probabilistic Theory". The biographer Prudnikov assumes that Chebyshev was directed to this mathematical branch after getting knowledge about recently edited books on probabilistic theory or the revenue of the insurance industry in Russia. In 1847 Chebyshev defended his dissertation pro venia legendi "About integration with the help of logarithms" before the St Petersburg University and so was obtained the right to teach there as a lecturer. At that time some | ||
| Chebyshev's Inequality Is Used To Prove The | "http://wwwinformationdelightinfo/encyclopedia/entry/law_of_large_numbers" class="copylinks">Weak Law Of Large Numbers and the Bertrand-Chebyshev Theorem ( 1845 1850 ) that the number of Prime Numbers less than <math>n</math> is <math>p(n)=n/\log(n)+o(n)</math> |
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| "http://wwwinformationdelightinfo/encyclopedia/entry/Chebyshev's_inequality" class="copylinks">Bienaymé-Chebyshev Inequality - ( 1853 1866 ) |
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