| Order Of Canada |
Article Index for Order Of |
Website Links For Order |
Information AboutOrder Of Canada |
|
The Order of Canada is Canada 's highest Civilian Honour , with membership awarded to those who exemplify the Order's Latin Motto ''Desiderantes meliorem patriam'', which means "Desiring a better country." Created in 1967, the Order was established to recognize the lifetime contributions made by Canadians who made a major difference to Canada. The Order also recognizes efforts made by non-Canadians who have made the world better by their actions. Musicians, politicians, artists, Television stars, benefactors, and many more have been accepted into the Order. The Queen Of Canada , Queen Elizabeth II , is Sovereign of the Order and the serving Governor General Of Canada is its Chancellor and Principal Companion. Since 1967, 5053 people have been appointed to the Order of Canada. CREATION , Queen Elizabeth II , Sovereign of the Order, wearing the Sovereign's insignia.]] The Order of Canada was instituted on . However the Order of Australia has been awarded more liberally, especially to foreigners, than has the Order of Canada. In 1996, New Zealand created the New Zealand Order Of Merit , a five level Order of chivalry modelled on the Order of the British Empire. The Order Of New Zealand is modelled on the Order Of The Companions Of Honour and the Order Of Merit . GRADES There are three grades (levels) of the Canadian Order: Companion (highest), Officer, and Member, each with respective Post-nominal letters that its members are entitled to use. Promotions in grade are possible; typically, this is not done until at least five years after the initial appointment. For example, Film Director Denys Arcand was promoted from Officer to Companion. Originally, the Order had only two ranks, Companion and the Medal of Courage (now the Cross Of Valour ). On July 1 , 1972 , the levels of Officer and Member were introduced and all existing members were made Officers. Companion Companions of the Order of Canada (post-nominal: '''C.C.''') have demonstrated the highest degree of merit to Canada and humanity, on the national or international scene. Up to 15 Companions are appointed each year, with a limit of 165 living Companions at any given time, with the exception of honorary Companions. As of September 29 , 2005 , there were 166 living Companions, including four honorary Companions. However, with the appointment of Michaëlle Jean to the position of Governor General, she will be the 164th Companion that will be living. The Constitution of the Order of Canada also allows for the spouse of the Governor General to be appointed a Companion, so Jean-Daniel Lafond will be the 165th living Companion. On February 3, 2006, Rideau Hall announced that Bernard Ostry and David Suzuki would be made companions. Due to the honorary Companion rule, only one more Companion can be appointed to the Order before the maximum number is reached. Officer Officers of the Order of Canada ('''O.C.''') have demonstrated an outstanding level of talent and service to Canadians. Up to 64 Officers are appointed each year. As of September 29 2005 , there were 1006 living Officers, although there is no limit to how many may be living at one time. Member Members of the Order of Canada ('''C.M.''') have made an exceptional contribution to Canada or Canadians at a local or regional level, group, field or activity. As many as 136 Members may be appointed annually and there is no limit on how many Members may be living. As of September 29 2005 , there were 1,964 living members. INSIGNIA The ''badge'' of the Order is a white enamelled Snowflake design, in Gilt for Companions and Officers, and in Silver for Members. The central disc bears a Maple Leaf , in red enamel for Companions, in gold for Officers, and in silver for Members, on a white enamel background, surrounded by a red enamel ring (annulus) bearing the motto of the Order, and topped by a crown. The reverse is plain except for the word "Canada". The ribbon consists of white, with red edges. On top of the motto, the crown of St. Edward is present. The ribbon has alternate red and white stripes, similar to the Canadian Flag . The insignia can be passed down as a family heirloom but cannot be sold. When a member of the order is upgraded to a higher rank that individual must return their original emblem to the Chancellery. The medal (as well as the majority of the ensuing emblems in the Canadian honour system) was designed by Bruce W. Beatty , who as of 2004 has been in attendance at every investiture ceremony since 1967. Beatty was himself made a member of the Order in 1990. When wearing medals and decorations, the Order of Canada is worn before all national orders and nearly all other Canadian decorations: only the , O.C. The Governor General also wears a special chain during certain ceremonies. The chain consisted of the Companion medal, suspended from the shield of Canada, submitted by The Crown . On each side, the necklace is composed of two repeating elements: a white stylized snowflake and the central disc that appears on the Companion medals. At the Governor General's installation ceremony he or she is presented with the Chain of the Order of Canada and the Order of Military Merit. ELIGIBILITY See Also: Appointment to the Order of Canada All living Canadians are eligible for any of the three awards, except federal and provincial politicians and judges while they are holding office. Awards are announced twice annually, once around New Year's Day ( January 1 ) and again around Canada Day ( July 1 ). Appointees who have died before their investiture are still considered part of the Order. Multiple people who have committed the same honourable act or deed are eligible for induction. For example, all three members of the Canadian band Rush ( Geddy Lee , Alex Lifeson and Neil Peart ) have all been appointed Officers of the Order, the first time the Order of Canada was given to a group rather than an individual. All three members of the popular children's group Sharon, Lois & Bram ( Sharon Trostin Hampson , Lois Lilienstein & Bramwell Morrison ) have also been made member of the order - although since Lilienstein is an American citizen she was made an honorary member. Citizens of other countries are eligible for honorary appointments at all three levels. No more than five honorary appointments may be made in any year. receiving the Order of Canada from Governor General Adrienne Clarkson in a ceremony performed at Rideau Hall on June 10 , 2005 .]] Induction ceremonies are generally conducted by the Governor General at Rideau Hall in Ottawa or, on rare occasions when she is in the country, by the Queen herself. The most common reason for the Order not being presented at Rideau Hall is the recipient's inability to come to Ottawa. Two such examples occurred in 1980 with activist athlete Terry Fox and in 2003 with singer-songwriter Gordon Lightfoot , who were both suffering serious medical problems that prohibited travelling. In 2002, shortly before a concert, Lightfoot suffered a serious Abdominal Haemorrhage that resulted in his being in a Coma for a time and months in hospital recovering. On the news of his near-death condition, Lightfoot was promoted to the rank of Companion. Since his condition left him unable to travel, Adrienne Clarkson flew to Toronto and presented him with the insignia in a private ceremony performed in his hospital room. Another example is in London. Rather than place the insignia on the elderly woman, who was recovering from a hip replacement, which would have required the Queen to stand, Clarkson handed the very frail woman the medallion. She made a point of wearing it around her neck at a special lunch following the private ceremony. Prior to Adrienne Clarkson becoming Governor General of Canada, The Order of Canada was rarely awarded outside of Rideau Hall. Under her tenure she held entire investment ceremonies in cities like St. Johns Newfoundland and Vancouver British Columbia. She was also noted for delegating the duty to other individuals on certain occasions when it would have been difficult for her or the recipient to travel. Although inductions are usually performed by the Governor General, the task can be delegated to another individual, such as the Lt. Governor of a Canadian province. This was the case when Mervyn Wilkinson was inducted into the order by Iona Campagnolo the Lieutenant Governor Of British Columbia in 2002. Although sitting federal and provincial politicians cannot be appointed to the Order while in office, it is accepted that influential leaders such as former prime ministers will be appointed after they leave office. In fact, of all the prime ministers alive after the creation of the order (with the exception of recent and current Prime Ministers Kim Campbell , Jean Chrétien , Paul Martin and Stephen Harper ), the only prime minister who was not appointed to the Order was John Diefenbaker . After losing the Office Of The Prime Minister to Lester B. Pearson in 1963 Diefenbaker remained a sitting Member Of Parliament and died while still in office in 1979, never becoming eligible. Some prominent politicians such as former NDP leader Ed Broadbent and former Prime Minister Joe Clark were appointed after exiting politics, only to later return to elective office. Although sitting politicians cannot be appointed to the order while in office, individuals who hold a ceremonial political office (for example a Sergeant-at-arms ) are considered public servants and therefore can be invested while serving in that office. Senators cannot be appointed while they hold office, however, there have been several senators who were appointed to the Order prior to taking office. Currently there are 13 Senators who hold the Order. They are (in alphabetical order) Tommy Banks , Michel Biron , Ione Christensen , Roméo Dallaire , Trevor Eyton , Serge Joyal , Wilbert Keon , Jean Lapointe , Sandra Lovelace Nicholas , Frank Mahovlich , Donald Oliver , Nancy Ruth , and Hugh Segal . A new member whose appointment is approved during their lifetime, but who dies prior to the announcement of that appointment or their investiture, may be invested posthumously. The 2005 appointment of journalist Peter Jennings was announced under these circumstances; his family will accept the award on his behalf. The oldest person ever to be invested into the Order was Dr. Cornelius Wiebe , who was 106 years old when he was invested in 1999. Removal See Also: Removal from the Order of Canada Members can be removed from the Order if the Advisory Council feels their actions have brought it into disrepute. As of 2005, only two people have their Order of Canada stripped from them: ,'' Christopher McCreery , said that since the government owns the medal and the scrolls, the Royal Canadian Mounted Police can be sent and get the items by force. McCreery stated that he does not think the RCMP would be used in Ahenakew's situation. ADVISORY COUNCIL , C.C.]] The task of the Advisory Council is to evaluate the nominations of people to the Order and see if the nominated people are worthy enough to be accepted into the Order. The Governor General of Canada makes the appointments to the Order based on recommendations from the Advisory Council. The Secretary General to the Advisory Council announces the decision of the Advisory Council to the Canada Gazette and to the public about any appointments and dismissals from the Order. The Advisory Council, which is chaired by the Chief Justice Of Canada , includes the Clerk Of The Privy Council , the Deputy Minister of the Department Of Canadian Heritage , the Chairperson of the Canada Council For The Arts , the President of the Royal Society Of Canada , and the Chairperson of the Association Of Universities And Colleges Of Canada . As well, five members of the Order are part of the Council for a maximum three-year term. If the nomination involves a non-Canadian, the Deputy Minister of the Department Of Foreign Affairs And International Trade will be invited by the Advisory Council to evaluate the nomination. The current members of the Advisory Council are:
APPOINTMENTS The following is a sample list of some of the famous and influential Canadians appointed in the various levels of the Order. More members can be found in . Companion ''A full list of Companions can be seen at List Of Companions Of The Order Of Canada ''
Officer
Member
Non-Canadian/Honorary appointments As Of 2005 , there have been only twelve honorary appointments to non-Canadians, and one appointee has surrendered his Canadian citizenship. They are as follows: Companion
Officer
Member
Other Media baron Conrad Black became an Officer of the Order of Canada in 1990 , but surrendered his Canadian Citizenship to become a British Life Peer in 2001. Nevertheless, he remains in both the Order of Canada and the Queen's Privy Council For Canada . PROVINCIAL AND TERRITORIAL ORDERS ''Main article: Canadian Provincial And Territorial Orders '' , the last Living Canadian Recipient of the Victoria Cross in his official portrait from the Order Of British Columbia in 2002. He is seen here wearing the badge of the Order of British Columbia (around his neck), the Victoria Cross, and the badge of the Order of Canada (miniature, on his jacket). Smith died in 2005.]] Various Canadian Provinces And Territories have also created orders to award their citizens on great deeds:
Each province sets up its own rules on how membership in its order is awarded, though there is no rule that Order of Canada members cannot be inducted to provincial and territorial orders. Limitations on the number of provincial order inductions every year by certain provinces has led to this being more common for people from some provinces than from others. An example would be Gordon Lightfoot being a Companion of the Order of Canada and a member of the Order Of Ontario (O. Ont.). The Order of Ontario places no limit on the annual number of inductions (although it is usually around 25). The Alberta Order of Excellence is limited to five inductees each year. One of the few Albertans to be part of the provincial and Canadian orders is former Prime Minister Joe Clark . It is also possible to receive multiple provincial orders. For example Canadian Jazz great Oscar Peterson who was born in Montreal but now lives in Ontario is a Companion of the Order of Canada, Knight of the National Order of Quebec, and a member of the Order of Ontario. ADDITIONAL DECORATIONS At certain periods, holders of the order were presented with other decorations. These are usually commemorative medals. Thus far, four commemorative medals have been given automatically to every living member of the Order of Canada, or the Canadian Bravery Decorations :
Other provincial commemorative medals such as the Alberta Centennial Medal and the Commemorative Medal For The Centennial Of Saskatchewan require independent nomination. FURTHER READING
NOMINATION FORMS Nomination forms may be obtained by writing to The Chancellery, Rideau Hall, 1 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario CANADA, K1A 0A1.. Postage is free when mailed within Canada. Alternatively, nomination forms may be obtained in PDF format from the Governor General's Official Website . Photocopies of nomination forms are also accepted by the Chancellery Office. SEE ALSO NOTES
|
|
|