| On The Invalid Species And Varieties Of Pachypodium |
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There are a host of Taxon omical terms that describe the process when a Publish ed Taxon becomes not accepted by the larger Community of Botanist , and eventually the World Community . The Publication of a Genus (Pachypodium), species (succulentum) variety, etc. does occur in a static process. In fact the new taxon emerges in a dynamic atmosphere where maybe over a course of a couple of years to decades, the taxon can be declassified if it is deemed that there exists a lack of judgment in taxonomical practices. Terms such as Synonym and Basionym describe how taxonomical Rank ings become invalid. As can be seen, of Botany , in that the taxon has already been named before, or (II) the name has been transferred to another genus. Many related terms such as Autonym , Holotype , Tautonym etc. are further applied by Botanists to given taxa. The invalid names of plants below is likely the result of synonymy where a given name has been found to be a synonym are transformed into a basionym. To the current Standards of taxonomy, these invalid names are often deemed incorrect judgments. This process of Synonymy is especially evident in the species ''Pachypodium rosulatum'' where at one time it was thought to have myriad varieties. Other names on the list below are the result of erecting species status for taxa that are not significant to deserve taxonomic distinction. Here Botany often parts company with the Horticultural Practices by Nurser ies that employ invalid taxonomy to maximize the genus Pachypodium . The following names are invalid for the genus Pachypodium (notice the sheer number of synonyms that ''P. rosulatum'' and to a lesser extent ''P. rutenbergianum''): Pachypodium baronii P. baronii P. brevicalyx P. densiflorum P. champenoisianum P. drakei P. giganteum P. glabrum P. griquense P. jasminiflorum P. lamerei P. lealii P. menabeum P. obesum P. ramosum P. P. rosulatum P. rosulatum P. rosulatum P. rosulatum P. rosulatum P. rosulatum P. rosulatum P. rosulatum P. rutenbergianum P. rutenbergainum P. rutenbergainum P. rutenbergainum P. tomentosum P. tuberosum P. tuberosum P. tuberosum 1 The Huntington Botanical Gardens' 2005 offering of International Succulent Introductions for the European Union offers ''Pachypodium menabeum'' as an emerging legitimate species and explains--''the taxonomical confusion--'' it's history. At the time that this article on Pachypodium is written the consensus does not seem "absorbed" but compelling that, indeed, ''P. menabeum'' Leandri is a unique species. It will be listed it in both lists of "Species"--''valid taxonomical Names''--as Huntington Gardens account is convincing that this taxon will become recognized as a species AND "Invalid Species and Variety Names." Huntington Gardens (''European Listing'') states that, in 2002, Röösli--''co-author of Rapanarivo et al.--''and Hoffmann happened upon a "curious" ''Pachypodium'' while taking their usual annual winter expedition to Madagascar. At first, they attributed it to ''P. lamerei''. But after concluding that it could not be that species, they considered it most likely to be a more "robust" form of ''P. ambongense.'' Subsequently, from the herbarium at the Natural History Museum in Paris, Röösli and Hoffman confirmed that this taxon is, indeed, ''P. menabeum''; and dismissed any synonym to ''P. lamerei'' and ''P. ambongense''. This taxonomical identification resulted in, not a new species being named, but in an old species being rediscovered, according to Huntington Gardens. No further historical literature was given to support this conclusion, or re-discovery. As a species, ''P. menabeum'' occupies a "very restricted range in central Madagascar." A recent account of this "rediscovery of this species and its relationships" to other ''Pachypodium'' was published in KuaS 55 (10): 274-280 (2004). Yet, more importantly, an article in Bradleya 22: 85-130 (2004) proffers a thorough record of all of the Madagascan Pachypodia. The Huntington Gardens (European Listing) is offering seeds-grown plants listed from the collection reference as "HBG 91561 Röösli & Hoffmann 202," collected at Bekopaka, Madagascar. ==See also EXTERNAL SOURCE
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