is the
County Town of
North Yorkshire ,
England . It is part of the
Hambleton district, and has a population of about 20,000.
It owes its origins, growth and importance to its position in the centre of the Vale of York, on the main communications route between the south and the north, and as the market nucleus for a large rural area. It is said to be the most affluent town in the whole of England. The town is
Saxon in origin. Later, in the 10th century, Danish insurgents settled at Romanby and
Brompton . A fine example of English stonecarving from the period, the Brompton
Hogbacks , can be found in Brompton Parish church.
Its position on a major route way brought death and destruction to the town on many occasions. In 1069 the whole area was laid to waste by the armies of
William The Conqueror and was still waste at the time of the Domesday Book. It later suffered at the hands of the Scots in the campaign that became the
Battle Of The Standard , fought largely in Brompton Parish in 1138, During the
English Civil War of 1642 to 1649 the town gave shelter to
King Charles I on two occasions, whilst the army of the
Duke Of Cumberland rested there on its march to
Scotland during the
Jacobite rising of
1745 .
In the golden age of coaching, Northallerton had four
Coaching Inn s along its High Street serving passengers and horses using several routes to the north. With the arrival of the railway in 1841 the town maintained its importance as a communications centre. The
Line from
London to
Edinburgh via
York and
Newcastle passed through the town (as indeed it still does), as did the line linking the industrial West Riding with the port and steel town of
Middlesbrough . It is now served by
Northallerton Railway Station .
Northallerton became a town by
Royal Charter : the first charter was granted in 1200. It became the market centre for the area and also drew traders from further afield to its four annual fairs (now reduced to two). Cattle drovers bringing cattle horses and sheep from Northumbria and Scotland regularly came to the town. The original cattle market was by the Church, but sheep were sold on the High Street until the early part of the 20th century. With the arrival of the railway the mart was built close to the station, but this later closed and today the cattle market is held at the Applegarth.
The Quarter Sessions for the area were held in the town from the 17th century in various buildings including the Tollbooth, the guild Hall and Vine House, but eventually a Court House was built in East Road in 1875, close to a House of Correction that opened in 1783.
When the
Poor Law Union system was introduced, a workhouse was established in the town to serve the three parishes in the area. This building is now part of the Friarage Hospital. When in 1856 the North Riding Constabulary was founded, one of the last County forces to be formed, Northallerton was selected as its headquarters, operating initially from premises in East Road.
Northallerton College (formerly Northallerton Grammar School) was founded in 1326. Parts of the old school building can be seen adjacent to All Saints' Church near the north end of Northallerton High Street.
Northallerton is also famous for being the site of the . If one walks along the main road from the nearby village of Bullamoor to Brompton a monument to the battle can be found.
Northallerton Prison (now a
Young Offenders' Institute ) once had the world's largest
Treadmill .
Today, Northallerton's main commercial function is a mixture of light industry, commerce and agricultural services.
Northallerton was the first place outside
London to host a
Sex Pistols concert in May
1976 .
Famous people from Northallerton include the
Mountaineer Alan Hinkes , who is famous for injuring himself whilst sneezing on
Chapati flour at altitude. He is widely recognised as one of the
UK 's best climbers.
The
Allertonshire Wapentake of the
North Riding was named after the town.
The town is served by 2 GP surgeries: Mayford House Surgery (Doctors A W Curry, Hilary J Enevoldson, C G Oates, A W Walters, P A Ramsden, Georgina D Jackson & Morwen Rees-Jones) and Mowbray House Surgery (Doctors P J Edon, Catherine L Todd, Amanda M Eames, S W P Miers, D P E Rogers, Lorraine J Burton, J H Waldron and N D Palmerley). The Friarage Hospital (part of South Tees NHS Trust) serves the local community.
