Information AboutNon-invasive (medical) |
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The term non-invasive in Medicine has two meanings:
Physicians have been using for centuries, of course, many simple non-invasive methods based on physical parameters in order to assess body function in health and disease ( Physical Examination and Inspection ), such as Pulse -taking, the Auscultation of Heart Sounds and Lung Sounds (using the Stethoscope ), Temperature Examination (using Thermometer s), Respiratory Examination , Peripheral Vascular Examination , Oral Examination , Abdominal Examination , external Percussion and Palpation , Blood Pressure measurement (using the Sphygmomanometer ), change in body volumes (using Plethysmograph ), Audiometry , Eye Examination and many others. However, since the discovery of the first modern non-invasive techniques based on physical methods, Electrocardiography and X-rays , at the end of the 19th century, Medical Technology has advanced more and more towards non-invasive methods for Diagnosis and Therapy , such as: DIAGNOSTIC IMAGES
A recent advance is the substitution of Invasive medical tests, such as Colonoscopy by Computer -based 3D reconstructions, such as Virtual Colonoscopy . DIAGNOSTIC SIGNALS
THERAPY
In some cases, non-invasive methods will not work for the intended purpose, so medical technology has developed Minimally-invasive methods, such as hypodermic injection (using the Syringe ), Endoscopy , Percutaneous surgery, Laparoscopic Surgery , Coronary Catheterization , Angioplasty , Stereotactic Surgery and many others. The benefits for the patient are self-evident. REFERENCES #Tachibana K. Emerging technologies in therapeutic ultrasound: thermal ablation to gene delivery. Hum Cell. 2004 Mar;17(1):7-15. Review. PMID 15369132 #Kim PE, Singh M. Functional magnetic resonance imaging for brain mapping in neurosurgery. Neurosurg Focus. 2003 Jul 15;15(1):E1. Review. PMID 15355003 #Richie RC. Non-invasive assessment of the risk of coronary heart disease. J Insur Med. 2002;34(1):31-42. Review. PMID 15303592 #Golder W. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy in clinical oncology. Onkologie. 2004 Jun;27(3):304-9. Review. PMID 15249722 #Cherry SR. In vivo molecular and genomic imaging: new challenges for imaging physics. Phys Med Biol. 2004 Feb 7;49(3):R13-48. Review. PMID 15012005 #Lymberis A, Olsson S. Intelligent biomedical clothing for personal health and disease management: state of the art and future vision. Telemed J E Health. 2003 Winter;9(4):379-86. Review. PMID 14980096 #Soling A, Rainov NG. Bioluminescence imaging in vivo - application to cancer research. Expert Opin Biol Ther. 2003 Oct;3(7):1163-72. Review. Biol Ther. 2003 Dec;3(8):1315. PMID 14519079 #Rohrscheib M, Robinson R, Eaton RP. Non-invasive glucose sensors and improved informatics--the future of diabetes management. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2003 Sep;5(5):280-4. Review. PMID 12940864 #Jacobs AH, Winkeler A, Dittmar C, Hilker R, Heiss WD. Prospects of molecular imaging in neurology. J Cell Biochem Suppl. 2002;39:98-109. Review. PMID 12552609 #Malhi GS, Valenzuela M, Wen W, Sachdev P. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy and its applications in psychiatry. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2002 Feb;36(1):31-43. Review. PMID 11929436 #Jacobs A, Heiss WD. Towards non-invasive imaging of HSV-1 vector-mediated gene expression by positron emission tomography. Vet Microbiol. 2002 Apr 22;86(1-2):27-36. Review. PMID 11888687 #Leman JA, Morton CA. Photodynamic therapy: applications in dermatology. Expert Opin Biol Ther. 2002 Jan;2(1):45-53. Review. PMID 11772339 #Richter JE. Ambulatory esophageal pH monitoring. Am J Med. 1997 Nov 24;103(5A):130S-134S. Review. PMID 9422638 #Yokoyama T, Fujita O, Nishiguchi J, Nozaki K, Nose H, Inoue M, Ozawa H, Kumon H. Extracorporeal magnetic innervation treatment for urinary incontinence. Int J Urol. 2004 Aug;11(8):602-6. PMID 15285749 SEE ALSO |
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