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The Nišava ( and Serbia And Montenegro , a Right Tributary , and with a length of 218 km also the longest one, of the Južna Morava . BULGARIA Nišava originates in western Bulgaria, in Stara Planina mountain (east of Kom Peak ) near the village of Gintsi . It's source is close to the Serbian border, which it enters after 67 km of flow through Bulgaria without receiving any major tributaries. Because it flows through Gintsi, the river is originally known as Ginska (Cyrillic: Гинска) and flows first to the south, then sharply turns west into the Godech Kettle, passing through Razboishte after which it forms a gorge. Coming out of the gorge, it reaches Kalotina , a major Border Crossing on the Bulgarian-Serbian border (Kalotina-Gradina), and continues to the west into Serbia. SERBIA Flowing generally to the west for the remaining 151 km, it passes near Dimitrovgrad , Pirot , Bela Palanka , Niška Banja and Niš , the fourth largest city in Serbia, 10 km after which Nišava empties into the Južna Morava. However, with the rapid growth of Niš in previous decades and its still fast growing suburbs, the banks of Nišava are urbanized almost to its mouth. After being divided into districts in 1992, the Nišava District (with Niš as administrative center) is named after the river. CHARACTERISTICS AND IMPORTANCE The river belongs to the Black Sea Drainage Basin . Its own drainage area covers 3,950 Km&2 (1,237 km&2 in Bulgaria, 2,713 km&2 in Serbia and Montenegro). The Nišava not navigable. Nišava is not only the longest tributary of Južna Morava, but also the richest one in terms of Discharge (36 km³/sec). It has many smaller tributaries, the most important being Temska - Visočica from the right, and Jerma (or Sukovska reka), Crvena reka and Kutinska reka from the left. Nišava is part of a major natural route that from ancient times has been connecting -Nišava- Marica , going further to Constantinople , present-day Istanbul . Both the Belgrade - Sofia -Istanbul road and railway pass here. SIćEVO GORGE In its Serbian part, Nišava carved a composite valley with several depressions (Dimitrovgrad, Pirot (or Basara; Cyrillic: Басара), Bela Palanka (or Zaplanje; Cyrillic: Заплање) and Niš). However, the most prominent geological feature the river formed is the Sićevo gorge (Sićevačka klisura; Cyrillic: Сићевачка клисура) between Bela Palanka and Niška Banja. The river is quite powerful in the gorge, which is used for two power stations ('Sićevo' and 'Ostrovica') used for electricity production, irrigation and fishery. The gorge is 17 km long, 350-400 m deep, in some parts developing canyon like-structures (like inverse valley slopes at Gradiški kanjon; Cyrillic: Градишки кањон). The gorge itself carved through the Kunovica plateau on the southern slopes of the Mountains Of Svrljig , and the surrounding areas are known for their high-quality vineyards. There is also a huge quarry in the gorge ('Ostrovica'), where six villages are located, the largest one being Sićevo that gives the name to the whole gorge. REFERENCES
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