- National Institute Of Oceanography, India , a constituent laboratory of CSIR - the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, a research body of the Indian government
- New I/O (usually "NIO"), a collection of Java programming language APIs introduced with the J2SE 1.4 release of Java by Sun Microsystems
- Nicaraguan Córdoba (ISO 4217 code: NIO), the national currency of Nicaragua
- Northern Ireland Office , an arm of the United Kingdom government, responsible for Northern Ireland affairs
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