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HISTORY - 1920 . Same as a flag of South Vietnam .]] , 1945 .]] , 9 March 1945 - 22 August 1945.]] It was Gia Long's distant ancestor Nguyễn Hoàng, a gifted general afraid of being prosecuted by the Trịnh Lord in the North, who moved south to the area of northern Central Vietnam in the 16th Century . Although having established for himself a fiefdom, Nguyễn Hoàng was still very much loyal to the Emperor, of the Posterior Lê Dynasty , at that time. Nguyễn Hoàng, and his successors, continually expanded their territory by making Kampuchea a Protectorate , and by invading Laos , Champa and many small countries in the area. Nguyễn Hoàng and many of his successors styled themselves as Lord (''Chúa'' in Vietnamese); Nguyễn Hoàng was known as Lord Tiên. It was Nguyễn Phúc Nguyên, Nguyễn Hoàng's son, or Lord Sãi who started the Nguyễn Phúc family name. In the early 18th Century , Nguyễn Phúc Nguyên's great-great-great-great-grandson Nguyễn Phúc Khoát was the first ruler of the line who styled himself King (''Vương'' in Vietnamese), since the Trịnh Lord had done so in the North. Four rulers later, it was Nguyễn Phúc Ánh who united the country, started a dynasty and styled himself Emperor (''Hoàng Đế'' in Vietnamese) Gia Long. After Gia Long, other rulers of the dynasty would soon run into problems with Catholic missionaries and, subsequently, the involvement of Europeans in Indochina. Emperors Minh Mạng , Thiệu Trị , Tự Đức and Hiệp Hoà , all, were opposed to any French involvement in the country and tried to reduce the growing Catholic community in Vietnam at that time. Their Persecution of missionaries was the primary pretext for the French to invade and occupy Indochina . Much like what had occurred in Qing China , there were also numerous incidents involving other nations (European) during the 19th century. The last Nguyễn Emperor to rule with complete independence was Tự Đức. After his death there was a Succession crisis which allowed the French to take direct control of the country and eventually gain complete control of the monarchy. All emperors since Đồng Khánh were chosen by the French and had only a symbolic position. The nominal reign of the Nguyễn Dynasty firmly came to an end in 1945 , when the people rose up, after the Japanese surrender, in support of the Việt Minh . After receiving a "request" for his resignation, the last emperor, Bảo Đại , abdicated the throne and handed power over to the government of President Hồ Chí Minh ; in return, Emperor Bảo Đại was then named "Supreme Counselor" to the new government. Bảo Đại left shortly afterward since he did not agree with the policies of the Viet Minh and thereafter for Exile in Hong Kong . In 1948 , the French persuaded Bảo Đại to return as " Chief Of State " (''Quốc Trưởng'' in Vietnamese) of the "State of Vietnam" (''Quốc Gia Việt Nam'') set up by France in areas over which it had regained control, while a bloody war with the Viet Minh under Hồ Chí Minh continued, until the French was defeated at Điện Biên Phủ in 1954. Bảo Đại spent much of his time during that conflict enjoying a good life either at his luxurious home in Dalat (in the Vietnamese Highlands) or in Paris , France. After Vietnam was divided into North and South Vietnam , the South Vietnamese Prime Minister Ngô Đình Diệm , in a referendum claimed by many as to have been manipulated, overthrew Bảo Đại in 1956 . Diệm then assumed the position of President of the Republic Of Vietnam (''Việt Nam Cộng Hòa''), once more ending Bảo Đại's involvement in Vietnamese affairs--this time permanently. Emperor Bảo Đại remained in exile in France, where he died in 1997 and was buried in Cimetière De Passy . Crown Prince Bảo Long succeeded on the death of his father Emperor Bảo Đại as Head of the Imperial House of Vietnam, July 31 , 1997. NGUYễN DYNASTY EMPERORS OF VIETNAM The following list is the Emperors' Era Name s, which have meaning in Chinese and Vietnamese . For example, the first ruler's era name, Gia Long, is the combination of the old names for Saigon (Gia Định) and Hanoi (Thăng Long) to show the new unity of the country; the fourth, Tự Đức, means "Inheritance of Virtues"; the ninth, Đồng Khánh, means "Collective Celebration". # Following the death of Emperor Tự Đức, and according to his will, this Emperor ascended to the throne on 19 July 1883. However, he was dethroned and imprisoned three days later, after being accused of deleting one paragraph from Tự Đức's will. He had no time to announce his dynastic title (era name); hence his was named after his residential palace as Dục Đức (育德宮). # Crown Prince Bảo Long succeeded on the death of his father, Emperor Bảo Đại, as Head of the Imperial House of Vietnam on 31 July 1997. LINEAGE ''Note'': Years in the table are their reigning years. SEE ALSO EXTERNAL LINKS |
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