Information AboutNetbios |
| CATEGORIES ABOUT NETBIOS | |
| network protocols | |
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NetBIOS is an acronym for '''Network Basic Input/Output System'''. The NetBIOS API allows applications on separate computers to communicate over a Local Area Network . It provides services related to the Session Layer of the OSI Model . HISTORY NetBIOS was developed by Sytek Inc. for IBM 's PC-Network in 1983 . The interface was designed for small networks; PC-Network only supported up to 80 devices in its Baseband form. Since the interface was only originally published through a technical reference book from IBM, the protocol's API became a De Facto standard. In 1985 , IBM went forward with the Token-Ring network scheme and a NetBIOS Emulator was produced to allow PC-Network applications to work over this new design, using the NetBEUI protocol to provide the NetBIOS services over the IEEE 802.2 Logical Link Control layer. With Novell 's release of Advanced Novell Netware 2.0 in 1986 , NetBIOS was reconfigured to be encapsulated in the IPX/SPX protocol. After the PS/2 computer hit the market in 1987 IBM was finally prompted to release the PC LAN Support Program, which included a driver for NetBIOS. At the same time, they also developed a method of encapsulating NetBIOS in a TCP packet ( NBT ) and released RFC 1001 - "Protocol Standard for a NetBIOS Service on a TCP/UDP Transport: Concepts and methods" and RFC 1002 - "Protocol standard for a NetBIOS service on a TCP/UDP transport: Detailed specifications". SERVICES NetBIOS provides three distinct services:
(Note: SMB , an upper layer, is a service that runs on top of the Session Service and the Datagram service, and is not to be confused as a necessary and integral part of NetBIOS itself. It can now run atop TCP with a small adaptation layer that adds a packet length to each SMB message; this is necessary because TCP only provides a byte-stream service with no notion of packet boundaries.) Name service In order to start Sessions or distribute Datagrams, an application must register its NetBIOS name using the Name service. NetBIOS names are 16 Byte s in length and vary based on the particular implementation. Frequently, the 16th byte is used to designate a "type" similar to the use of ports in TCP/IP. The name service primitives offered by NetBIOS are:
Session service Session mode lets two computers establish a connection for a "conversation," allows larger messages to be handled, and provides error detection and recovery. The session service primitives offered by NetBIOS are:
In the original protocol used to implement NetBIOS services on PC-Network, to establish a session, the computer establishing the session sends an Open request which is responded to by an Open acknowledgment. The computer that started the session will then send a Session Request packet which will prompt either a Session Accept or Session Reject packet. Data is transmitted during an established session by data packets which are responded to with either acknowledgment packets (ACK) or negative acknowledgment packets (NACK). Since NetBIOS is handling the error recovery, NACK packets will prompt retransmission of the data packet. Sessions are closed by the non-initiating computer by sending a close request. The computer that started the session will reply with a close response which prompts the final session closed packet. Datagram distribution service Datagram mode is "connectionless". Since each message is sent independently, they must be smaller; the application becomes responsible for error detection and recovery. The datagram service primitives offered by NetBIOS are:
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