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Murashige And Skoog Medium




Murashige and Skoog medium or ('''''MSO '''''or ''''' MS0''''' ''(MS-zero)'') is a Plant Growth Medium used in the laboratories for cultivation of plant Cell Culture . MSO was invented by plant scientists Toshio Murashige and Folke K Skoog during Murashige's search for a new Plant Growth Regulator .

Macronutrients (mg/l)

Ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) 1,650mg/l

Boric Acid (H3BO3) 6.2mg/l

  • H2O) 440mg/l


  • 6H2O) 0.025mg/l


  • 7H2O) 370mg/l


  • 5H2O) 0.025mg/l


Potassium phosphate (KH2PO4) 170mg/l

  • 7H2O) 27.8mg/l


Potassium nitrate (KNO3) 1,900mg/l

  • 4H2O) 22.3mg/l


Potassiom Iodine (KI) 0.83mg/l

  • 2H2O) 0.25mg/l


  • 7H2O) 8.6mg/l


  • 2H2Oa 37.2mg/lb


Common Organic Additives
i-Inositol 100mg/l

Nicotinic Acid 0.5mg/l

  • HCl 0.5mg/l


  • HCl 0.1mg/l


IAA 1-30mg/l

Kinetin 0.04-10mg/l

Glycine (recrytallized) 2.0g/l

Edamine 1.0g/l

Sucrose 20g/l

Agar 10g/l

It contains all nutrients that a plant needs to grow, as well as some (such as Iodine ) that are probably not Essential .

This medium has undergone extensive modifications by different growers to meet specific needs. Common variations include 1/2 MSO (half strength, often
used for Arabidopsis ).

The original citation for the published formulation is:

Murashige T and Skoog F (1962) A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiol Plant 18: 100-127.