| Modern Valence Bond Theory |
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For example, in the Hydrogen Molecule , classic Valence Bond Theory uses two 1s Atomic Orbitals (a and b) on the two Hydrogen atoms respectively and then constructs a Covalent structure:- :((a(1)b(2) + b(1)a(2)) ((α(1)β(2) - β(1)α(2)) and then an Ionic structure:- :((a(1)a(2) + b(1)b(2)) ((α(1)β(2) - β(1)α(2)) The final Wave Function is a Linear Combination of these two functions. Coulson and Fisher pointed out that a completely equivalent function is:- :((a+kb)(1)(b+ka)(2) + (b+ka)(1)(a+kb)(2)) ((α(1)β(2) - β(1)α(2)) as expanding this out gives a Linear Combination of the covalent and ionic structures. Modern valence bond theory replaces the simple Linear Combination of the two Atomic Orbitals with a linear combination of all orbitals in a larger Basis Set . The two resulting valence bond orbitals look like an atomic orbital on one Hydrogen atom slightly distorted towards the other hydrogen atom. Modern valence bond theory is thus an extension of the Coulson-Fischer method. There are a large number of different valence bond methods. Most use n valence bond orbitals for n electrons. If a single set of these orbitals is combined with all linear independent combinations of the Spin Functions , we have spin-coupled valence bond theory. The total Wave Function is optimised using the Variation Principle by varying the coefficients of the Basis Functions in the valence bond orbitals and the coefficients of the different spin functions. In other cases only a sub-set of all possible spin functions is used. Many valence bond methods use several sets of the valence bond orbitals. Be warned that different authors use different names for these different valence bond methods. VALENCE BOND PROGRAMS Several groups have produced Computer Programs for modern valence bond calculations that are freely available. SEE ALSO REFERENCES
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