| Middle School |
Article Index for Middle School |
Articles about Middle School |
Website Links For Middle School |
Information AboutMiddle School |
| CATEGORIES ABOUT MIDDLE SCHOOL | |
| educational stages | |
| pedagogy | |
| school types | |
| youth | |
|
ASIA In Korea , a middle school is called ''chung hakkyo'' (중학교, 中學校) That includes grade 7 through 9. In the 1980s, many middle schoolers in Korea had to wear uniforms. In Japan , junior high schools are called ''chū gakkō'' (中学校, literally, middle school) cover years seven through nine. They are referred to as "junior high schools" in most conversation in English but are referred to by MEXT as "lower secondary schools". (See Secondary Education In Japan .) Also refer to the report of a Kamisugiyama Junior High School . Taiwan ese middle schools (3-year) were originally called junior high school, or ''chuzhong'' (初級中學, 初中). However, in August 1968, they were renamed to middle schools, or ''guozhong'' (國民中學, 國中) when they became free of charge and compulsory. Private middle school nowadays are still called ''chuzhong''. Taiwanese middle schools are attended normally by those older than twelve. Accompanied with the switch from junior high to middle school was the cancelation of entrance examination needed to enter senior high school. NEW ZEALAND In New Zealand intermediate schools cover years 7 and 8 (formerly known as form 1 and 2) in areas where the local primary schools teach year 1 to year 6 students. Many primary schools however, do teach year 7 and 8. These primary schools may have a relationship with a nearby intermediate school to teach manual training classes such as woodwork. UNITED KINGDOM In the United Kingdom , some English Local Education Authorities introduced Middle Schools in the 1960s and 1970s . The notion of Middle Schools was mooted by the Plowden Report of 1967 which proposed a change to a three-tier model including First School s for children aged between 5 and 8, Middle Schools for 8-12 year-olds, and then Upper or High Schools for 12-16 year-olds. Some authorities introduced Middle Schools for ideological reasons, in line with the report, while others did so for more pragmatic reasons relating to the raising of the age of end of compulsory school to 16. Different authorities introduced different age-range schools, although in the main, three models were used:
Around 2000 Middle Schools were in place in the early 1980s . However, that number began to fall in the later 1980s with the introduction of the National Curriculum . The new curriculum's splits in Key Stage s at age 11 encouraged the majority of Local Education Authorities to return to a two-tier system of Primary and Secondary School s. Some Middle Schools still exist in various areas, including Staffordshire , Suffolk , Isle Of Wight , Northumberland , Windsor and Kirklees , although many of these are under threat of closure. UNITED STATES AND CANADA In the United States and Canada , ''middle school'' refers to a distinct form of school organization rather than a general term for the middle level of education. Advocated by groups such as the National Middle School Association , the middle school concept is a relatively new model for the middle-level grades, contrasted with the more traditional junior high concept. North American children at this level are educated either at junior high schools or at middle schools, depending on location. Middle schools generally include grades 6 to 8 (although they can include just 7 and 8, and a few start as early as grade 4, although that is rare) while junior high schools include grades 7 and 8 or 7 through 9. Junior high schools are designed similarly to High School s. The Faculty is organized into Academic Department s which operate more or less independently of one another. This is meant as a Hybrid , to ease the Transition from Elementary School to high school for students. Sometimes they are called Intermediate schools. The middle school concept, however, involves a group of four to six teachers from different disciplines working as a team with the same group of students of the same grade level, with each teacher teaching a different subject. This format facilitates Interdisciplinary units, where the entire team teaches on the same general topic from the perspective of different disciplines. Sometimes intermediate schools go before middle school, sometimes middle school goes before junior high school, and a few times middle school goes before intermediate school. In most cases, however, the middle school (according to the middle school concept) is seen as an alternative and a replacement to the junior high and intermediate school. The middle school format has now replaced schools using the junior high format by a ratio of about ten to one in the U.S. In Canada, the junior high concept is primarily seen in Western Canada , while middle schools to US-standards are generally only seen in Ontario and parts of Atlantic Canada , where they are sometimes called senior elementary schools. ''See also: Secondary Education In The United States , Education In Canada .'' PROFESSIONAL ORGANIZATIONS The National Middle School Association (NMSA) was founded in 1973. It now claims over 30,000 members representing principals, teachers, central office personnel, professors, college students, parents, community leaders, and educational consultants across the United States, Canada, and 46 other countries. An equivalent organisation operates in the UK under the name of The National Middle Schools' Forum. FURTHER READING
EXTERNAL LINKS
|
|
|