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This happens usually after 12 or 13 years of schooling. Each candidate who passes their final exams receives a document that contains their grades and which formally enables them to go to a University . In countries such as Austria, this document alone allows entry to any university, as the grades themselves are irrelevant; whereas in other countries there can be '' Numerus Clausus '', meaning that certain standards need to be met in the Matura grades before acceptance at a university. The equivalent British term (except Scotland) is " A-level s", the Scottish is " Advanced Higher Grade ", the Irish is " Leaving Certificate ", the German is " Abitur ", or simply "Abi", and the French is "le Baccalauréat ", or simply "le bac". In Swiss French, it is called ''La Maturité'' or simply "La Matu'" MATURA IN AUSTRIA The official term for Matur(a) in Austria is ''Reifeprüfung''. The document received after the successful completion of the exams is called ''Maturazeugnis''. In the '' Gymnasium '', which, as opposed to vocational schools, focuses on general education, the ''Matura'' consists of 3-4 written exams (referred to as ''Klausurarbeiten'', 4-5 hours each) to be taken on consecutive mornings (usually in May) and 3-4 oral exams to be taken on the same half-day one month later (usually in June). All examinations are held at the school which the candidate last attended. Candidates have the option to write a scholarly paper (called ''Fachbereichsarbeit'') to be submitted at the beginning of the February preceding the final exams, which, if it is accepted, reduces the number of exams by one (3 written, 3 oral). However, the ''Fachbereichsarbeit'' must be presented orally on the day the oral exams take place. The grading system is the same as the one universally used in Austrian schools: ''1'' (''sehr gut'') is excellent; '''''2''''' (''gut'') is good; '''''3''''' (''befriedigend'') is average; '''''4''''' (''genügend'') means that you have just passed; '''''5''''' (''nicht genügend'') means that you have failed. In addition, a candidate's ''Maturazeugnis'' contains a formalized overall assessment: ''mit ausgezeichnetem Erfolg bestanden'' (passed with honours), ''mit gutem Erfolg bestanden'' (not quite as good; grades ranging from ''1'' to ''3'' allowed); ''bestanden'' (a simple pass); and ''nicht bestanden'' (fail). Candidates who have failed may take their final exams again in September/October or February/March of the following school year. Subjects for the written finals to be taken in any case depend on the type of Gymnasium. German and Mathematics (both compulsory) and a foreign language (usually English , French , Latin or Greek ). Gymnasium with a focus on science may require students to take written finals in Biology, Physics or Chemistry. The most striking aspect of the Austrian ''Matura'' is that it is a decentralized affair. There are no external examiners: Candidates are set tasks both for their written and oral finals by their own (former) teachers. Formally, however, there is an examination board consisting of a candidate's teachers/examiners, the headmaster/headmistress and a ''Vorsitzende(r)'' (head), usually a high-ranking school official or the head of another school. All oral exams are public, but usually only classmates, friends, family of the candidates or younger students listen in. Of course it is possible for Austrians of all age groups to take the ''Matura''. Adults from their twenties on are usually tutored at private institutions of Adult Education before taking their final tests, held separately before a regional examination board. MATURA IN POLAND Student(at the age of 19) must pass matura after schooling in Liceum . There are compulsory subject: Polish, foreign language and one subject pupil choosed (like History, Geography, Biology, History of Art, Mathematics, Phisics, Chemistry, History of Music). Student can choose more subject. MATURA IN SLOVENIA ''Matura'' is a national examination a student must pass after schooling in a gymnasium (''gimnazija'') for four years to receive a diploma (''maturitetno spričevalo'') and formally complete his secondary education, proving his qualification for studying at the university. The nationwide Matura examination was reintroduced in Slovenia in 1995, after all gymnasiums were suspended in 1980s, and has been performed every year since. Matura is conducted in two terms, the first one being in spring (end of May and the beginning of June) and the second one in autumn (September) for those who failed the first time. ''Matura'' is a centralised affair, conducted by the National Examination Centre of Slovenia, which prepares tasks for students, appoints national examiners and sends results to the universities, the candidates applied to. A candidate must take five subjects, the obligatory three being , Physics , Biology , Geography , History (or optionally History of Art), Sociology , Psychology , Philosophy , Economics , Music , Graphic Arts , Information Technology and the second foreign language. Structure of particular exams:
The final mark is expressed in points from 1 (failure) to 8 (the highest standard of knowledge).
It is possible to take this subject on a higher or basic level.
The final mark is expressed in points from 1 (failure) to 5 (the highest mark on a basic level) or 8 (the highest mark on a higher level).
A candidate can take a maximum of two subjects on a higher level (two foreign languages or mathematics and one foreign language). Thus, the maximum number of points is 34. Students who have achieved 30 points or more are given Matura diplomas ''cum laude'' (''maturitetno spričevalo s pohvalo''). SEE ALSO EXTERNAL LINKS
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