The (CPC-ML) is a
Canadian Federal Marxist-Leninist Political Party . It is not to be confused with the
Communist Party Of Canada .
The party is registered with
Elections Canada as the . Elections Canada, the agency which oversees elections and political parties, claimed that, in order to avoid confusion among voters, it could not allow political parties to register with similar names. In this case, Elections Canada argues that allowing the party to use its preferred name could cause confusion with the Communist Party of Canada -- a decision opposed by the CPC-ML.
Hardial Bains founded the ''Internationalists'' at the
University Of British Columbia on
March 13 1963 . Bains had sided with the
People's Republic Of China in the emerging
Sino-Soviet Split , a view contrary to that of the
Communist Party Of Canada , and on that basis decided to work towards the formation of an anti-
Revisionist Party in Canada.
The Internationalists were initially a
Maoist student group but, as a result of their growth, they declared themselves a formal political party on
March 31 1970 and adopted the name Communist Party of Canada (Marxist-Leninist).
The party first ran candidates for the
Canadian House Of Commons during the
1974 Federal Election but has had to run them as candidates of the "Marxist-Leninist Party of Canada" after
Elections Canada ruled that the party's preferred name was too close to that of the Communist Party of Canada. However, the party continues to call itself the CPC-ML outside of its federal electoral activities.
During the 1970s, the party made a practice of sending members into student newspapers on Canadian university campuses. Members would attempt to capture these papers and use them to promote CPC-ML ideas and policies -- including its support for
Hoxha's Albania -- under the slogans "Defend the Basic Interest of the Students!" and "Make the Rich Pay!". The party succeeded in capturing only one student newspaper, ''The Chevron'', at the
University Of Waterloo , in
Waterloo, Ontario . The take-over was led by Neil Docherty and Larry Hannant. After several years of intense disruption at the paper and on campus, students at Waterloo voted to disenfranchise ''The Chevron'', which was then expelled from
Canadian University Press , the student press cooperative in Canada, in December 1979. ''The Chevron'' ceased to be the student newspaper at the
University Of Waterloo and was replaced by ''The Imprint''. CPC-ML attempted but failed to capture other student newspapers, including ''
The Varsity '' at the
University Of Toronto .
The ideological trajectory of CPC-ML changed from Maoism and support for the
People's Republic Of China against what it saw as the revisionist (or
Khruschev ite)
Soviet Union , to later siding with
Albania during the
Sino-Albanian Split that came two years after the death of
Mao Zedong . CPC-ML reoriented itself as an anti-revisionist party upholding the legacy of
Enver Hoxha and the
Party Of Labour Of Albania until the collapse of the
Communist Albania in 1992.
During the 1980s, the CPC-ML adopted a slogan of "We are our own models" and began to seek a new ideological approach. Because of differences in theory, the CPC and CPC-ML have routinely been at odds on many matters.
Today, the CPC-ML tends to be supportive of
North Korea , although it does not promote
Kim Il Sung and
Kim Jong-il or
Juche Thought in the manner that it promoted Hoxha and Mao in previous years. The CPC-ML has developed a more independent line since the collapse of the
Soviet Bloc prior to which it had a very stridently
Anti-revisionist position viewing the Soviet bloc as
State Capitalist and equivalent to the western bloc. Bains visited
Cuba several times in the 1990s which led him (and the CPC-ML) to revise his earlier views of Cuba as
Revisionist . The CPC-ML has become strongly supportive of Cuba and the
Cuban Revolution and now has close relations with the Cuban Embassy in
Ottawa and prints the English language edition of the
Cuban Communist Party 's newspaper, ''
Granma '', for Canadian distribution.
On January 1, 1995, the party put forward a broad program of work for the current period, which it has named the ''Historic Initiative''. This was further elaborated during its Seventh Congress.
Since 1997, the party's leader has been Bains' widow,
Sandra L. Smith . Unusually, Smith has never run as a candidate in a general election despite being the party's leader.
The CPC-ML is active in several
Trade Union s, particularly the
Canadian Union Of Postal Workers and the
United Steelworkers Of America whose important
Stelco local (Local 1005) in
Hamilton, Ontario is led by
Rolf Gerstenberger , a party member. Local 1005 is one of several USWA locals at Stelco. USWA officials rely on other Stelco local officials to act as official spokespeople for the union in its dealings with the company and the courts, effectively isolating Gerstenberger. However, Gerstenberger has received support from
Carolyn Egan of the
International Socialists , a Trotskyist group. Egan, a member of the IS steering committee, is president of USWA Local 8300, based in Toronto, and of the Steelworkers Toronto Area Council, an ad hoc committee of Toronto area local activists. CPC-ML has also been active in the movement against the war in
Iraq .
The party, if elected, would establish a Citizen's Committee for Democratic Renewal, or CCDR, that would nominate candidates for federal office. This would remove the process from the control of each political party's
Riding association, and establish what they see as a more equitable approach to the issue of democracy.
In recent years the party has become less doctrinaire, eschewing quotations from Mao, Stalin, Lenin or Hoxha in favour of what it calls "Contemporary Marxist-Leninist Thought". Its Eighth Party Congress will be held in 2005 with the theme, "Building a mass Communist Party".
The CPC-ML has a newsheet, ''The Marxist-Leninist Daily'', a youth wing, the Communist Youth Union of Canada (Marxist-Leninist) and also operates the "Workers Centre" which helps educate and organize trade unionists through discussion groups, and a magazine, ''Worker's Forum''. The party often conducts broader political activity under the name "People's Front" and uses that name for the
British Columbia provincial wing of the party. (see
People's Front (British Columbia) . In
Ontario provincial elections, CPC-ML supporters have most recently run as
Independent Renewal Candidates .
The party has run candidates in Canadian federal elections since 1972, with the number of candidates in any one election ranging from as few as 51 and as many as 177. Most of its candidates have run in the provinces of Ontario and
Quebec . It was most prominent in the
1979 Federal Election and
1980 Federal Election , running under the slogan "Make the rich pay".
Its slogan in the
2004 Federal Election was "Annexation no! Sovereignty yes!"
The party also nominated candidates in several
By-election s:
