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Marshal Of France




The Marshal of France (''maréchal de France'') was one of the Great Officers Of The Crown Of France . The title derived from the office of ''marescallus Franciae'' created by Philippe Auguste for Albéric Clément (circa 1190 ). It later became a distinction and takes precedence over the Constable Of France , which was originally an office higher than Marshal . Up to 1791 , there were 256 Marshals of France. The title was abolished by the National Convention in 1793 .

During the , Villars , Saxe and Soult .

In contemporary France , marshal is a Military Distinction , not a Military Rank , and is granted to General s for exceptional achievements. Its symbol, the marshal's baton, is a blue cylinder with stars (formerly Fleurs-de-lis ).

Philippe Pétain , awarded the distinction of Marshal of France for his generalship in the First World War , retained his title even after his trial and imprisonment and after he was stripped of other positions and titles.

The last living Marshal of France was Alphonse Pierre Juin , promoted 1952 , who died in 1967 .

MARSHALS OF FRANCE


CAPETIENS


Six Marshals under Philip Augustus , 1180 - 1223









VALOIS


Five Marshals under Philip VI Of Valois , 1328 - 1350



Four Marshals under John The Good , 1350-1364



Two Marshals under Charles The Wise , 1364-1380







Four Marshals under Louis XII , 1498-1515



Twelve Marshals under François I , 1515-1547



Five Marshals created by Henry II , 1547 - 1559





Seven Marshals under Henry III , 1574-1589



BOURBONS


Eleven Marshals created by Henry IV between 1592 and 1602




Fifty-one Marshals created by Louis XIV , between 1643 and 1715



Thirty-four Marshals under Louis XV from 1715 - 1774



Twenty Marshals named by Louis XVI , 1774 - 1792



FRENCH EMPIRE

Twenty-six Marshals under Napoleon I , 1804 - 1814

The names of a great proportion of these have been given to successive stretches of a circular avenue encircling Paris , thus nicknamed ''Boulevard des Maréchaux'' ("The Marshals' Boulevard").


THE SECOND RESTORATION 1815 - 1830

Six Marshals named under Louis XVIII , from 1815 - 1824

Three Marshals under Charles X , from 1824 - 1830


CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY

Ten Marshals under Louis-Philippe I 1830 - 1848


THE SECOND REPUBLIC

Seven Marshals under Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte , President of the Republic, 1848-1852


THE SECOND EMPIRE

Twelve Marshals under Napoleon III , Emperor from 1852 to 1870

Three Marshals under Raymond Poincaré , 1913 - 1920

Five Marshals under Alexandre Millerand , 1920 - 1924


THE FOURTH REPUBLIC

Three Marshals under Vincent Auriol , 1947-1954

One Marshal under François Mitterrand , 1981 - 1995