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The Malaysian expressway system (''Sistem Lebuhraya Malaysia''), which began with the North-South Expressway , is in the process of being substantially increased, built by private companies under the supervision of the government highway authority, '' Lembaga Lebuhraya Malaysia '' (Malaysian Highway Authority). EXPRESSWAY STANDARDS The construction, standards, management and usages of expressways in Malaysia are subject to Federal Roads Act (Private Management) 1984. In Malaysia , Expressway s are defined as high-speed routes with at least four lanes (two in each direction) and may be either Limited Access or partial access. Most expressways in Malaysia are limited access expressways. Federal routes are labeled with only numbers while state routes are labeled with the state code letter followed by assigned numbers, for example Route J32 is a Johor state road. Both federal and state roads have blue road signs and the text color is white. Before the mid-1990s, there were no specific coding system for the expressways. When more and more expressways were built, a system of expressway numbering was applied to all expressways. Expressways are labeled with the letter E followed by assigned numbers, for example the code for North-South Expressway southern route is E2. The expressways have green signs and the text color is white. However, there are some exceptions in some highways. Some highways like Federal Highway and Skudai Highway (Federal Route 1) retain their federal route codes. In addition, there are 2 highways in Malaysia which are classified as municipal roads - Kuala Lumpur Middle Ring Road 1 and Jelutong Expressway. The syntax for highway exits in Malaysia is in format ''Exit xxnn'', where ''xx'' is the expressway code number (can be one or two digits) and ''nn'' is the two-digit assigned number for each highway exits. For example, Johor Bahru exit at the end of North-South Expressway is labeled as Exit 257, where the last two digits (57) are the assigned exit number and the first digits (2) is the expressway route number (E2). Expressways have distance markers in green color (blue for federal expressways) placed every 100m. All expressways must have at least 4 lanes (2 in each direction) separated by a median divider. Both sides must have an emergency lane. The median divider in Malaysian expressways are usually narrow due to high costs of claiming lands. However, median dividers at some parts of North-South Expressway and Karak Expressway are wide. Many people are confused between Expressways and Dual-carriageways . All expressways are dual-carriageways but not every dual-carriageways are expressways because an expressway should have either limited or partial access via interchanges. In addition, there are some 2-lane federal main roads which are called as ''highways'' because of its function as main roads but these roads cannot be classified as highways or expressways because an expressway must be a dual-carriageway (with at least 2 lanes at each sides) with limited or partial access only. The default speed limit in Malaysian expressways is 110 km/h, but in certain areas lower speed limit is applied especially in large urban areas and in dangerous mountain routes. Every of expressway have compulsory used an electronic payment system such as Touch 'n Go and Smart TAG since in operation on 1 July 2004. Began the end of 2005 every expressway in Klang Valley was monitored by Integrated Transport Information System (ITIS). MALAYSIAN EXPRESSWAYS AS A PART OF ASIAN HIGHWAY NETWORK Asian Highway Network is an international project between Asian nations to develop their highway systems which will form as main routes in Asian Highway network. There are 2 Asian Highway routes passing through Malaysia - Asian Highway Route 2 and ''' Asian Highway Route 18 '''. The Malaysian section of Route AH2 consists of:- CONTROVERSIAL ISSUES There are several controversial issues regarding the construction of expressways. The main issues include the toll rate increase which can be a huge burden especially for residents of Kuala Lumpur and Klang Valley conurbation. They also often question about the capability of the numerous expressways throughout the Klang Valley to overcome the traffic congestion problem because the traffic congestion problem is still worsened no matter how many new expressways are built. LIST OF EXPRESSWAYS IN MALAYSIA Expressways in Malaysia after the Singapore-Malaysia Second Link Bridge, in the northbound direction.]] .]] below Kewajipan ramp of New Pantai Expressway E10]]
Note: U/C - Under construction, U/D - Under Development interchange of Putrajaya-Cyberjaya Expressway (route 29) near Putrajaya ]] Highways classified as Federal Routes
Highways classified as Municipal Routes
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