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A number of periods. They are usually mild and temporary, vanishing within a few days. There are rare reports of more serious reactions — only about one in every 100,000 vaccinations is reported to have resulted in a severe allergic reaction. EPIDEMIOLOGY Before the widespread use of a vaccine against measles, its incidence was so high that patients born before 1949 are assumed to have had measles. Today the incidence of measles has fallen to less than one percent of people under the age of 30 in countries with routine childhood vaccination. Measles has a significant complication rate, which includes Pneumonitis and Encephalitis . Studies, such as a Centers For Disease Control (CDC) report on the effect of vaccination against measles in Africa between 1996 - 2002 , have shown that vaccination markedly reduces the mortality rate due to measles. {Link without Title} Mumps is another Viral Disease of childhood that was once very common. A known but relatively rare complication of mumps is Sterility in males. Rubella, otherwise known as '''German measles''', was also very common before the advent of widespread vaccination. The major risk of rubella is if a Pregnant woman is infected, her baby may contract Congenital Rubella from her, which can cause significant Congenital defects. All three diseases are highly contagious. The MMR vaccine was introduced to induce immunity less painfully than three separate injections at the same time, sooner than at three separate encounters, and more efficiently than either. The incidence and therefore the complications of the three diseases above have declined significantly and this is generally attributed to widespread population vaccination. While there are known effects, rarely serious, from each component of the MMR vaccine, from a public health perspective, the benefit to the population outweighs these concerns. Most people are in favour of continued vaccination programs. A concerned individual may choose any one of the 3 components of the MMR vaccine separately, and it has been asserted that contrary to general medical opinion spacing out these immunizations individually may decrease the chance of adverse effects. By increasing the time until immunised, spacing the components inevitably increases opportunities for infection with at least two of the diseases for the individual and their contacts. FORMULATION OF MERCK 'S M-M-R® II (MEASLES, MUMPS, AND RUBELLA VIRUS VACCINE LIVE) The M-M-R® II confers a protective immunity to the three viruses from which the vaccine derives its name: The vaccine is administered by a Subcutaneous Injection . It is freeze-dried ( Lyophilized ) and contains live attenuated viruses. Before injection it is reconstituted with the solvent provided.
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