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London And South Western Railway




After Railway Privatisation the name was partially evoked for South West Trains who operate over much of the old London & South Western routes.


HISTORY

The L&SWR was originally promoted in 1831 as the ''Southampton, London and Branch Railway and Dock Company'': its original plans envisaged the line through in 1834. It was the first of the three trunk routes running south of London. During its early years there were many eventful occurrences:

The L&SWR also had many strengths:
  • it connected with many holiday centres, and virtually brought them to prominence;

  • Southampton Docks were entirely owned by the Company; it dealt with ''Continental'' and Channel Islands traffic; and it owned steamers on the Isle Of Wight ferry routes

  • it was instrumental in building up the south-west London suburban area;

  • it was associated with much of the military parts of southern England: for example, Aldershot and Bordon ; and Portsmouth and Plymouth dockyards.


In 1891 , the works at Eastleigh , in Hampshire, was opened with the transfer of work from Nine Elms in London .

Among the innovations of the LSWR was the running of an express train, the ''North Cornwall and Bude Express''. It was first run in 1907; the Southern Railway was later to rename it as the Atlantic Coast Express in July 1926. It was the 11am train from London, and it continued to run until 1964. For more details see these notes .


Openings

The first section to be opened was from Nine Elms, the company's first London terminus in the suburban parish of Battersea , to Woking (then named ''Woking Common'') on 21 May 1838 . On that date the company changed its name to L&SWR. The remainder of the main line followed:
  • Woking to 1838

  • Winchester - Southampton: 10 June 1839

  • Winchfield - Basingstoke: 10 June 1839

  • Basingstoke - Winchester: 11 May 1840 . This last section was the most difficult on the route with an initial climb to ''Litchfield Tunnel'' and a ten-mile down-grade to Winchester.



Waterloo station

It was ten years later that the L&SWR built its metropolitan terminus at .


Southampton

The Southern Railway built a new through station at Southampton Central in 1933. Southampton Terminus remained in use until 1966 and the L&SWR's classical building of 1840 (designed by Sir William Tite , who also designed the Nine Elms terminus) survives.


MAIN LINE

The stations on the main route (with dates of opening if not original L&SWR) are :


OTHER PRINCIPAL LINES


Reading and Portsmouth lines

Apart from the original main line, the LSWR had the following routes:




Route to the south-west

  • Basingstoke to Exeter

  • --- Basingstoke to Salisbury


  • -- Basingstoke- Andover opened 3 July 1854


  • -- Andover- Salisbury opened 1 May 1857


  • -- ''Basingstoke and Alton Light Railway'' opened June 1901, closed all traffic 30 May 193

  • ---Between Basingstoke and Salisbury on the main line were:


  • -- Two links between opened 1 June 1885 ; closed all traffic 6 July 1931 .


  • -- At Andover was the junction with the Midland And South Western Junction Railway


  • -- The Bulford Camp branch


  • -- Salisbury to Romsey; and to Bournemouth


  • -- In Salisbury the route.

  • --- Salisbury- Yeovil opened 2 May 1859

  • --- Yeovil - Exeter opened 19 July 1860

  • ---Between Salisbury and Exeter on the main line; the sections were opened as follows:


  • -- branch to Yeovil Town joint station with the GWR


  • -- branch to Chard joint station with the GWR


  • -- branch to Lyme Regis from Axminster


  • -- branch to Sidmouth from Sidmouth Junction (also alternative route to Exmouth


  • -- branch to Exmouth from ''Exmouth Junction'' near Exeter


  • -- LSWR station: Exmouth (Queen Street): here was a short section through GWR Exeter (St Davids) to ''Cowley Bridge Junction''

  • Exeter to Plymouth

  • The LSWR main line continued, serving the following places:




LINE DETAILS


Locomotives & rolling stock

Locomotives were painted green lined in chocolate and black and white; passenger rolling stock, yellow tint of Salmon pink upper parts, brown below. The railway ran a large number of ''steam rail motor cars'' on the smaller branches. The locomotive works were at Eastleigh, having replaced Nine Elms in 1911.


Other details



ELECTRIFICATION

The L&SWR adopted Third Rail electrification of its suburban routes during the First World War . This subsequently became the standard for the entire Southern Railway , almost certainly because of the influence of Sir Herbert Walker , who had come from the London And North Western Railway to be General Manager of the LSWR in 1912; in 1914 he had also been appointed as Chairman of the wartime ''Railway Executive Committee''.


TRIVIA

Vauxhall station reputedly has had an interesting influence on other languages. Legend has it that a party from Russia came to see what happening around the time the station was opened (with a view to planning their own rail system). They saw the station nameboards, thought the word was the English word for railway station and took it back home. In fact, the first Russian railway station was built on the site of pleasure gardens based on those at Vauxhall - nothing to do with the English railway station. The anglicised script version of the Russian word is 'vokzal'.


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