| Lol Mohamed Shawa |
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| chadian politicians | |
| shawa, lol mohamed | |
| living people | |
| 1939 births | |
| muslim politicians | |
| chadian-libyan conflict | |
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A Muslim Kanembu born in 1939 , Lol was a former civil servant when the breakdown of the central government of Chad in February 1979 gave him a chance to emerge. These chances came through a mainly Kanembu rebel group, the Popular Movement For The Liberation Of Chad (MPLT), which was supported by Nigeria . A first peace conference had been organized at Kano in Nigeria in March among four factions; the national government, the two main militias ( Armed Forces Of The North - FAN and People's Armed Forces - FAP) and the MPLT. When in April a new peace conference was organized always at Kano, the MPLT, that suffered badly from a lack of cadres, was forced to search out of the movement to find someone to head the MPLT's delegation, and the choice fell on Lol, notwithstanding he was considered close to the FAN. Under Nigerian "urging", Lol was made on April 29 head of a Transitional Government Of National Unity (GUNT) by the four factions present at Kano I. The GUNT included 21 ministers, of whom 11 were Muslim northerners and 10 southerners. Goukouni Oueddei , head of the FAP, became Interior Minister, Habré Defence Minister while vice-president was Wadel Abdelkader Kamougué , leader of the Chadian Armed Forces (FAT). But the GUNT excluded all the pro-Libyan forces; as a result a counter government was formed, called Democratic Revolutionary Council (CDR), and headed by Ahmat Acyl . These problems and the resistance of the GUNT to Nigerian influence brought to two new peace conferences, this time at Lagos . On the basis of a new Lagos Accord signed on August 21 between all factions, those of the CDR included. The accord brought to the substitution of Lol with Goukouni as head of the GUNT, an act that was accomplished on September 3 . Lol was to become early a man of Habré, and even served as minister in his government after 1982 . Habré was overthrown by Idriss Déby in 1990 . When the latter legalized in May 1992 other parties, opening the door to mult-partitic elections, one of the to be legalized was Lol's Rally For Democracy And Progress (RDP), based mainly in Kanem . The following year a great reconciliation conference was held between January 15 and April 7 , that put an end to the civil war. Among the decisions o the conference was to form a transitional legislative body, the Higher Transitional Council (''Conseil supérieur de la transition'' or CST), composed of 57 members, that was to have as its President Lol. In June and July 1996 the first multiparty Presidential Elections in Chad's history were held. Déby was easily victorious, while Lol was only fifth, taking 5.93%. In the following presidentials, held in 2002 , the RDP sustained Déby's candidature, and in return of the favour in the elections for the National Assembly with the help of Déby obtained 12 seats out of 155, becoming the second party in the legislative. Since that the RDP has returned to opposition, as was visible in 2005 in occasion of the Constitutional Referendum on the abrogation of limts for the number of a President's terms, strongly wanted by Déby; Lol campaigned for abstention. REFERENCES EXTERNAL LINKS |
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