List Of Antarctica Expeditions

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List Of Antarctica Expeditions

List of Antarctica expeditions is a Chronological list of Expeditions involving Antarctica .

PRE- 1800S

600 BC – 300 BC Greek Philosophers theorize Spherical Earth with the Antipodes North and South Polar Region s.

150 AD Ptolemy published Geographia , which notes Terra Australis Incognita

1487 Bartolomeu Dias first to sail around Cape Of Good Hope crosses (40° S)

1497 Vasco Da Gama sails to White River, South Africa

1522 Ferdinand Magellan - first Circumnavigation discovers Strait Of Magellan

1578 Francis Drake discovers Drake Passage

1599 Dirk Gerritsz - potentially sails to (64° S)

1603 Gabriel De Castilla – potentially sails to (64° S)

1642 - 1643 Abel Tasman discovers New Zealand and Tasmania (44° S)

1698 - 1699 Edmond Halley sails to (52° S)

1720 Captain George Shelvocke – sails to (61° 30’S)

1739 Jean-Baptiste Charles Bouvet De Lozier – discovers Bouvet Island ()

1771 James Cook – HM Bark Endeavour expedition

1771 – 1772 First French Antarctic Expedition - led by Yves-Joseph De Kerguelen-Trémarec discovers Kerguelen Islands ()

1775 James Cook – sails HMS Resolution crossing Antarctic Circle to (71° 10’S)

1800S

1819 William Smith discovers South Shetland Islands ()

1819 San Telmo wrecks in the Drake Passage

1819 - 1821 Fabian Gottlieb Von Bellingshausen – on January 27 , 1820 , discovers Antarctica mainland at Princess Martha Coast ()

1820 Edward Bransfield & William Smith – on January 30 , 1820 , sight Trinity Peninsula ()

1820 Nathaniel Palmer sights Antarctica on November 17 , 1820

1821 John Davis (sealer) – on February 7 , 1821 disputed claim of setting foot on Antarctica at Hughes Bay ()

1823 – 1824 James Weddell – on February 20 , 1823 reaches ()

1830 – 1832 Southern Ocean Expedition – sight Enderby Land () and Adelaide Island ()

1837 – 1840 Second French Antarctic Expedition – led by Jules Dumont D'Urville discovers Adelie Land (66° S)

1838 - 1839 John Balleny discovers Balleny Islands ()

1838 - 1842 United States Exploring Expedition – led by Charles Wilkes to Antarctic Peninsula () and eastern Antarctica

1839 - 1843 James Clark Ross discovered the Ross Ice Shelf , Ross Sea , Mount Erebus , Mount Terror and Victoria Land

1892 – 1893 Dundee Whaling Expedition discover Dundee Island ()

1893 - 1895 Henryk Bull – set foot on Antarctica at Cape Adare

1897 – 1899 Belgian Antarctic Expedition – led by Adrien De Gerlache

1898 – 1900 Carsten Borchgrevink – sails to Cape Adare and winters on Antarctica

1900S

1901 – 1904 Discovery Expedition - On December 30 , 1903 , Ernest Shackleton reached (82° 17’S)

1901 – 1903 First German Antarctica Expedition - led by Erich Von Drygalski

1901 – 1904 Swedish Antarctic Expedition – led by Otto Nordenskiöld

1902 – 1904 Scottish National Antarctic Expedition – led by William Speirs Bruce

1903 – 1905 Third French Antarctic Expedition – led by Jean-Baptiste Charcot

1907 - 1909 Nimrod Expedition – On January 16 , 1909 , Ernest Shackleton reached the South Magnetic Pole (88° 23’S)

1908 - 1910 Fourth French Antarctic Expedition – led by Jean-Baptiste Charcot

1910 – 1912 Roald Amundsen - On December 14 , 1911 , reached the South Pole (90° S)

1910 – 1913 Terra Nova Expedition - On January 17 , 1912 , Robert Falcon Scott , reached the South Pole (90° S)

1911 – 1913 Second German Antarctic Expedition - led by Wilhelm Filchner

1911 – 1914 Australasian Antarctic Expedition – led by Douglas Mawson

1914 – 1916 Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition – led by Ernest Shackleton

1914 – 1917 Ross Sea Party – led by A.L.A. Mackintosh

1921 – 1922 Shackleton-Rowett Expedition – led by Ernest Shackleton

1929 – 1931 British Australian And New Zealand Antarctic Research Expedition

1928 – 1930 Richard Evelyn Byrd - First expedition

1931 H Halvorsen - discovered Princess Astrid Coast

1931 Carstens Borchgrevink - discovered Kronprins Olav Kyst

1931 Hjalmar Riiser-Larsen - flew over Antarctica

1933 – 1935 Richard Evelyn Byrd - Second expedition

1933 – 1939 Lincoln Ellsworth – Aircraft expedition

1934 – 1937 British Graham Land Expedition

1936 Lars Christensen - dropped Norwegian flag over Princess Harald Coast

1938 Third German Antarctic Expedition - led by Alfred Ritscher

1939 – 1941 United States Antarctic Service Expedition – led by Richard Evelyn Byrd

1943 – 1945 Operation Tabarin - led by Lieutenant James Marr

1946 – 1946 Operation Highjump – led by Richard Evelyn Byrd

1947 – 1948 Operation Windmill – led by Commander Gerald Ketchum

1947 – 1946 Ronne Antarctic Research Expedition – led by Finn Ronne

1949 – 1952 Norwegian-British-Swedish Antarctic Expedition – led by John Giaever

1956 – 1958 Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition – led by Vivian Fuchs

1955 – 1956 Operation Deep Freeze - led by Richard Evelyn Byrd

1955 — 1957 1st Soviet Antarctic Expedition — led by Mikhail Somov

1956 Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station established

1956 — 1958 2nd Soviet Antarctic Expedition — led by Aleksei Treshnikov

1957 – 1958 International Geophysical Year

1957 Scott Base established

1957 - 1958 Luncke Expedition

1957 — 1959 3rd Soviet Antarctic Expedition — led by Yevgeny Tolstikov

1958 — 1960 4th Soviet Antarctic Expedition — led by Aleksandr Dralkin

1959 — 1961 5th Soviet Antarctic Expedition — led by Yevgeny Korotkevich

1960 South African National Antarctic Expedition

1960 — 1962 6th Soviet Antarctic Expedition — led by V.Driatsky

1961 — 1963 7th Soviet Antarctic Expedition — led by Aleksandr Dralkin

1962 — 1964 8th Soviet Antarctic Expedition — led by Mikhail Somov

1963 — 1965 9th Soviet Antarctic Expedition — led by Mikhail Somov

1964 — 1966 10th Soviet Antarctic Expedition — led by M.Ostrekin, I.Petrov

1965 — 1967 11th Soviet Antarctic Expedition — led by D.Maksutov, Leonid Dubrovin

1966 — 1968 12th Soviet Antarctic Expedition — led by Pavel Senko and Vladislav Gerbovich

1967 — 1969 13th Soviet Antarctic Expedition — led by Aleksei Treshnikov

1968 — 1970 14th Soviet Antarctic Expedition — led by D.Maksutov, E.Krenkel

1969 — 1971 15th Soviet Antarctic Expedition — led by Pavel Senko and Vladislav Gerbovich

1970 — 1972 16th Soviet Antarctic Expedition — led by I.Petrov and Yury Tarbeyev

1971 — 1973 17th Soviet Antarctic Expedition — led by Yevgeny Korotkevich , V.Averyanov

1972 — 1974 18th Soviet Antarctic Expedition — led by Pavel Senko

1973 — 1975 19th Soviet Antarctic Expedition — led by D.Maksutov, V.Ignatov

1974 — 1976 20th Soviet Antarctic Expedition — led by V.Serdyukov, N.Kornilov

1975 — 1977 21st Soviet Antarctic Expedition — led by O.Sedov, G.Bardin

1976 — 1978 22nd Soviet Antarctic Expedition — led by N.Tyabin, Leonid Dubrovin

1977 — 1979 23rd Soviet Antarctic Expedition — led by V.Serdyukov, O.Sedov

1978 — 1980 24th Soviet Antarctic Expedition — led by A.Artemyev, O.Sedov

1979 Air New Zealand Flight 901 – airplane crash

1979 — 1980 25th Soviet Antarctic Expedition — led by N.Kornilov, N.Tyabin

1980 — 1982 26th Soviet Antarctic Expedition — led by V.Serdyukov, V.Shamontyev

1981 — 1983 27th Soviet Antarctic Expedition — led by D.Maksutov, R.Galkin

1982 Falkland Islands War

1982 — 1984 28th Soviet Antarctic Expedition — led by N.Kornilov, A.Artemyev

1983 — 1985 29th Soviet Antarctic Expedition - led by N.Tyabin, L.Bulatov

1984 — 1986 30th Soviet Antarctic Expedition - led by D.Maksutov, R.Galkin

1985 — 1987 31st Soviet Antarctic Expedition — led by N.Tyabin, V.Dubovtsev

1986 — 1988 32nd Soviet Antarctic Expedition — led by V.Klokov, V.Vovk

1987 Iceberg B-9 calves and carries away Little America s I - III

1987 — 1989 33rd Soviet Antarctic Expedition — led by N.A.Kornilov, Yu.A.Khabarov

1988 — 1990 34th Soviet Antarctic Expedition — led by S.M.Pryamikov, L.V.Bulatov

1989 — 1991 35th Soviet Antarctic Expedition — led by V.M.Piguzov

1991 — 1992 36th Soviet Antarctic Expedition — led by Lev Savatyugin

1996 Lake Vostok discovered

2000S

AGREEMENTS

1959 Antarctic Treaty System

1964 Agreed Measures For The Conservation Of Antarctic Fauna And Flora

1978 Convention For The Conservation Of Antarctic Seals

1982 Convention For The Conservation Of Antarctic Marine Living Resources

1988 Convention On The Regulation Of Antarctic Mineral Resource Activities

1998 Protocol On Environmental Protection To The Antarctic Treaty

SEE ALSO

Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions

History Of Antarctica

List Of Research Stations In Antarctica

REFERENCES

Savatyugin, L.M., Preobrazhenskaya, M.A. ''Russian Exploration of Antarctica'' ( Russian : Российские исследования в Антарктике), published by Gidrometeoizdat, Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute (AARI), Federal Service for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring of Russian Federation (Roshydromet), in 3 volumes ( vol.1 :1st to 20th SAE; vol.2 :21st to 30th SAE; vol.3 :31st SAE to 40th RAE), Saint Petersburg, 1999, ISBN 5286012655

''Soviet Antarctic Expedition'' : information bulletin., Amsterdam : Elsevier Pub. Co. ; New York : American Elsevier Pub. Co., 1964-, ISSN: 0038-5271

FURTHER READING

Headland, Robert K. (1990). ''Chronological List of Antarctic Expeditions and Related Historical Events''. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521309034

Landis, Marilyn J. (2003). ''Antarctica: Exploring the Extreme: 400 Years of Adventure''. Chicago Review Press. ISBN 1556524803

EXTERNAL LINKS

Index to Antarctic Expeditions - at the Scott Polar Research Institute's website

Antarctic Expeditions - information about some of them from the British Antarctic Survey

Chronologies and Timelines of Antarctic Exploration