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In Belgian Universities , a person titled ''Licentiate'' (or ''Licentiaat'' in Dutch ) holds the equivalent education of a Master's Degree . Student s receive a license after 4 or 5 years of successful study. The first two years are known as ''kandidatuur'' (''candidacy''), meaning students are qualifying themselves for study at the licential level. Study is very rigorous. Students in Belgian universities usually take more than 30 hours a week (as opposed to an average of 15 at American universities.) Thus, students are able to complete their degrees in four years, as opposed to the usual six at American institutions. In Swedish and Finnish Universities , Licentiate's degree equals completion of the coursework required for a doctorate and a dissertation roughly equivalent to half of a doctoral dissertation. The Licentiate's degree is called a ''filosofie licentiat'' in Swedish and ''filosofian lisensiaatti'' in Finnish (Licentiate of Philosophy), ''teologie licentiat'' and ''teologian lisensiaatti'' (Licentiate of Theology) etc, depending on the faculty. In Switzerland most of the University degrees are called ''licentiate'', but mostly used in its abbreviation ''lic.'' (coming from Latin ''licentiatus'' (m) or ''licentiata'' (f)). BOLOGNA CONVENTION In 2003 , the European Union organized the Bologna Convention on Higher Education , in order to create uniform standards across the EU in that field. The resulting conclusions called for all European universities to change their degree programs to an Undergraduate Degree and a master's degree. These changes will be implemented in Belgian universities for students starting study in 2004 – 2005 . The Bologna Process is not affecting the status of the Finnish Licenciate's degree. However, the Finnish universities strongly encourage continuing studies all the way to the doctorate. THEOLOGY The Licentiate of Theology was a sub-degree or Diploma -level qualification offered by a number of educational institutions. The University Of Wales, Lampeter LTh ( Licence in Theology), introduced in 1940 by the then St David's College Lampeter, was intended for graduate Ordinands , and is one year full-time, or two years part-time. The University Of St Andrews also offered the LTh (Licence in Theology), a three-year course open to non-graduates. A three-year LTh is also available from the University Of Edinburgh , a four-year qualification from Emmanuel College, Toronto , and a two-year post-graduate qualification ( STL ) from the Milltown Institute , Ireland . In Australia in former years Theological Colleges that were not associated with Universities offered programs that were awarded a Licentiate in Theology, abbreviated to ThL. For many years the ThL was a prerequisite to ordination as an Anglican priest, however nowadays the ThL is a "non award" course; that is it is not recognised by other institutions, and persons wishing to be ordained usually complete a Bachelor of Theology at an accredited university. The Australian College Of Theology was established in 1891 by the General Synod of the Church Of England In Australia . In 1899 , there were four awards of the College - the Associate In Theology , the Licentiate in Theology, the Scholar In Theology , and the Fellow of the College of Theology - and about 30 students. In New Zealand the LTh is offered by the Ecumenical Institute For Distance Theological Studies and was the standard avenue to ordination in the Anglican Church; it remains the standard for part-time distance ordinands. In Germany the ''Lizentiat'', abbreviated to Liz., is a first degree after five years of study in Catholic theology. (This degree does not exist in other Denominations within Germany.) It is eqivalent to a Master's Degree and qualifies the holder for admission to Doctoral studies. MEDICINE AND SURGERY There exist a number of UK medical degrees called licentiates. These include the
Until 1999, these degrees were registerable with the General Medical Council , and allowed the bearer to practice medicine in the UK. SEE ALSO EXTERNAL LINKS |
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