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The Library of Congress is the ''de facto'' . HISTORY The Library of Congress was established on April 24 , 1800 , when President John Adams signed an Act Of Congress providing for the transfer of the seat of government from Philadelphia to the new capital city of Washington. The legislation appropriated $5,000 "for the purchase of such books as may be necessary for the use of Congress ..., and for fitting up a suitable apartment for containing them...." The original library was housed in the new Capitol until August 1814, when invading British troops Set Fire To The Capitol Building , destroying the contents of the small (3,000 volumes) library. Within a month, former President Thomas Jefferson offered his personal library as a replacement. Jefferson had spent 50 years accumulating books, "putting by everything which related to America, and indeed whatever was rare and valuable in every science"; his library was considered to be one of the finest in the United States. Jefferson, who was heavily indebted, sought to use the proceeds of the sale of his books to satisfy his creditors. He anticipated controversy over the nature of his collection, which included books in foreign languages and volumes of Philosophy , Science , Literature , and other topics not normally viewed as part of a legislative library. To satisfy any objections as to the suitability of his collection for Congress' use, he wrote, "I do not know that it contains any branch of science which Congress would wish to exclude from their collection; there is, in fact, no subject to which a Member of Congress may not have occasion to refer." In January 1815, Congress accepted Jefferson's offer, appropriating $23,950 for his 6,487 books, and the foundation was laid for a great national library. The Jeffersonian concept of universality, the belief that all subjects are important to the library of the American legislature, is the philosophy and rationale behind the comprehensive collecting policies of today's Library of Congress. On December 24 , 1851 , there was a fire in the Library of Congress. The fire destroyed 35,000 books, an original portrait of Christopher Columbus , portraits of the first five US Presidents by Gilbert Stuart , and statues of George Washington , Thomas Jefferson and Marquis De Lafayette . The Library is now spread over three buildings in Washington, D.C. :
(Note: Between April 13 , 1976 and June 13 , 1980 , the John Adams Building was known as the Thomas Jefferson Building.) In late-November 2005, the Library announced intentions to launch the World Digital Library , digitally preserving books and other objects from all world cultures. HOLDINGS .]] The Library developed a system of book classification called Library Of Congress Classification (LC) which is used by most research and University Libraries , although most Public Libraries continue to use the Dewey Decimal System . The Library serves as a legal repository to guarantee , the Library of Congress retains copies of every publication in the English language which is deemed significant. It is estimated that the print holdings of the Library of Congress would, if digitized and stored as plain text, constitute 17 to 20 Terabytes of information. This leads to the commonly-repeated but misleading equivalence of 20 terabytes to the entire holdings of the Library. (Occasionally, this figure has been referred to as a Data Transfer rate, LoC/s—Libraries of Congress per second – defined as 20 terabytes of data transferred per second). Only selected portions of the print holdings have actually been digitized, and the Library currently has no plans for systematic digitization of any significant portion of its books. The Library makes millions of digital objects, comprising tens of terabytes, available at its American Memory site. American Memory is a source for Public Domain image resources, as well as audio, video, and archived Web content. Nearly all of the lists of holdings, the ''catalogs'' of the library, can be consulted directly on its web site. Librarians all over the world consult these catalogs, through the Web or through other media better suited to their needs, when they need to catalog for their collection a book published in the United States. They use the Library Of Congress Control Number to make sure of the exact identity of the book. The Library of Congress also provides an on-line archive of the proceedings of the text, bill summary and status, the Congressional Record Index, and the United States Constitution . The Library also administers the National Library Service for the Blind and Physically Handicapped, a talking and Braille library program provided to more than 766,000 Americans. USING THE LIBRARY The library is open to the general public for academic research, and runs tours for visitors. Only those who are issued a "Reader Identification Card" may enter the reading rooms and access the collection. The Reader Identification Card is available in the Madison building to persons who are over 18 years of age upon presentation of a government issued picture identification (''e.g.'', driver's license, State ID card or passport). However, only members of Congress, their staff and certain other government officials can actually check out books. Supreme Court Justices and their clerks/staff can also check out books. University libraries in the United States may request items through Interlibrary Loan from the Library of Congress if no other American institution possesses the item. ANNUAL EVENTS Annual events include:
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