| Latvian National Awakening |
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Though the term "Awakening" was introduced by the Young Latvians themselves, its application was influenced by the nationalist ideologue Ernests Blanks and later by the academician Jānis Stradiņš ; Stradiņš was the first person to use the term "Third Awakening" (at the expanded plenum of the Writers' Union of the Latvian SSR in June 1988), opposing those who had begun to call the national revival in the period of Glasnost the ''Second'' Awakening (the first being that of the Young Latvians). Blanks sought to distinguish between the group critical of the Cosmopolitanism of the Latvian Social Democratic Workers' Party (''Latvijas sociāldemokrātiskā strādnieku partija''; LSDSP) -- as the direct ideological descendants of the Young Latvians. It was the SDS (and especially Valters) that first began to formulate demands for Latvia's political autonomy. Stradiņš based his view of the national revival in the , the activities of the Latvian émigrés in Switzerland, the Latvian refugees' relief committee in Russia, the proclamation of independence and the battles for independence as coming under the heading of the Second Awakening. Less frequently, some have seen the New Current and the 1905 Revolution -- and sometimes even the Khrushchev Thaw -- as National Awakenings. REFERENCES
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