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HISTORY In the 14th century, Khotyn, previously a minor settlement in Jan Chodkiewicz , and again in 1673 by Jan III Sobieski . In 1739, the Russian Empire sent an army under Burkhard Christoph Von Munnich and seized the town. The Russians were themselves defeated by the Turks in 1768, but rallied the following year to recapture the town. Khotyn fell to Austria in 1788, but finally passed to Russia, along with Bessarabia , in 1812, as a result of the Russo-Turkish War (1806-1812). The collapse of the Russian Empire in the Russian Civil War (1918-1922) prompted Romania to annex territories along its border, including Khotyn. The town became part of Romania in January 1919. However, Ukrainian Bolshevik troops dressed as civilians entered Khotyn and encouraged the Ethnic Ukrainians to revolt. The Ukrainians rebelled against the Romanian annexation of the city in what is known as the Khotyn Uprising . The uprising was, however, defeated by the Romanian Army within a month. The city remained under Romanian rule until June 1940, when the town passed to the Soviet Union with the rest of the Chernivtsi region under the terms of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact . Khotyn thus became part of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic . It was under the occupation of Nazi Germany from 1941 to 1944, and in 1991 became part of the newly-independent country of Ukraine. BATTLES In the Battle of Khotyn in 1621, an army of 160,000 Turkish veterans, led by Osman II , advanced from Adrianople towards the Polish frontier. The Turks, following their victory in the Battle Of Cecora , had high hopes of conquering Poland. The Polish commander Jan Karol Chodkiewicz crossed the Dniester in September 1621 and entrenched the Khotyn Fortress, blocking the path of the Ottoman march. The Commonwealth hetman held the sultan at bay for a whole month, until the first snow of autumn compelled Osman to withdraw his diminished forces. But the victory was dearly purchased by Poland. A few days before the siege was raised, the aged grand hetman died of exhaustion in the fortress on September 24, 1621. The Commonwealth forces held under the command of Stanisław Lubomirski . The battle, described by Wacław Potocki in his most famous work ''Transakcja wojny chocimskiej'', marked the end of the long period of Moldavian Magnate Wars . In 1673, the Polish Hussar s again fought a major battle on this site. This time Polish forces under the command of soon-to-be-king Jan Sobieski defeated the Ottomans on 11 November 1673. In the Russo-Turkish War , the fortress was taken by Russian Field Marshal Burkhard Christoph Von Munnich on August 19, 1739. This victory is remembered primarily through the ''Ode on the Taking of Khotin from the Turks'', composed by the young Mikhail Lomonosov . This ode produced a revolution, often taken as a starting point of the modern Russian Poetry . FAMOUS PEOPLE
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