Information AboutKharkov |
|
Kharkiv (; '', ''Kharkov'') is the second largest city in Ukraine and the capital of Kharkivs'ka Oblast' . It is situated in the northeast of the country and has a population of 1.4 million (2005). It is one of the main industrial, cultural and educational centres of Ukraine. It is located at . Kharkiv's industry and research specialize on arms production and Machinery . There are hundreds of industrial companies in the city. Among them are world famous giants Morozov Design Bureau and Malyshev Tank Factory (''Zavod Malysheva'', a leader in Tank production since the 1930s), Hartron ( Aerospace and nuclear Electronics ) and Turboatom ( Turbine s producer). There is an underground Rapid-transit system with 35 km of track and 28 stations. Kharkiv's Freedom Square (''Ploshcha Svobody'') is the largest city center square in Europe and second in the world to the Tiananmen Square in China . HISTORY Founded in the middle of 17th Century , the city has had a University since 1805 . During the early years of the Soviet Union , Kharkiv was the Capital of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic (from 1917 – 1934 ). In the early 1930s , the Ukrainian Famine ('' Holodomor '') drove many people off the land into the cities, to Kharkiv in particular, in search of food. Some of them died and were secretly buried in one of the city's cemeteries. During April and May 1940 about 3800 Polish prisoners of Starobelsk camp were killed in the Kharkiv NKVD building, later buried in Pyatikhatky forest (part of the Katyn Massacre ). During World War II Kharkiv was the site of several Military Engagements . The city was captured by Nazi Germany and its military allies, recaptured by the Red Army , captured again twice by the Nazis and then finally liberated on August 23 , 1943 . Seventy percent of the city was destroyed and tens of thousands of the inhabitants were killed. It is mentioned that Kharkiv was most populated city of Soviet Union being Occupied by Nazis, as far before World War II Kiev was second by population city of Ukraine after Kharkiv. Before the occupation, Kharkiv's tank industries were evacuated to the Urals with all their equipment, and became the heart of Red Army's tank programs (particularly, producing the legendary T-34 tank earlier designed in Kharkiv). These enterprises were returned after the war, and still continue to produce some of the world's best tanks. Historic images of Kharkiv |
|
|