A is a person who practises Journalism , the gathering and dissemination of information about current events, trends, issues and people.
Reporter s are one type of journalist. They create reports as a profession for broadcast or publication in Mass Media such as Newspaper s, Television , Radio , Magazine s, Documentary Film , and the Internet . Reporters find the sources for their work, their reports can be either spoken or written, and they are generally expected to report in the most Objective and Unbias ed way to serve the public good.
Depending on the context, the term ''journalist'' also includes various types of Editor s and visual journalists, such as Photographer s, Graphic Artist s, and Page Designers .
In the early 19th Century , simply meant someone who wrote for journals, such as Charles Dickens in his early career. In the past century it has come to mean a writer for newspapers and magazines as well.
Many people consider ''journalist'' interchangeable with ''reporter'', a person who gathers information and creates a written report, or story. However, this overlooks many other types of journalists, including columnists, leader writers, Photographers , editorial designers, and sub-editors (British) or Copy Editor s (American). The only major distinction is that designers, writers and art directors who work exclusively on advertising material - that is, material in which the content is shaped by the person buying the ad, rather than the publication - are not considered journalists.
Regardless of medium, the term ''journalist'' carries a connotation or expectation of professionalism in reporting, with consideration for truth and Ethics although in some areas, such as the downmarket, scandal-led Tabloid s, the standards are deliberately negated.
- Joseph Addison - wrote many of the finest pieces in Steele's publications ( 1713 - 1714 ), ''The Monitor'' ( 1714 ), ''The Manufacturer'' (1719-21), ''The Commentator'' ( 1720 ) and ''The Director'' ( 1720 - 1721)
- Daniel Defoe - as editor of the ''Review'', he can claim to have invented many of the most popular formats, including the eye-witness report, the travel piece and the strongly opinionated column. Defoe's ''Review'' began publication on February 19 , 1704 , and lasted until June 11, 1713 . He was also involved in several other periodicals, including ''The Master Mercury'' (1704), ''Mercator: or, Commerce Retrieved''
- Richard Steele - founded and edited London-based periodicals including ''The Guardian'' and ''The Spectator'' in the early 1700s .
- Adams ( 1871 - 1958 ) - American investigative journalist
- Jack Anderson - considered one of the fathers of Investigative Reporting
- Pierre Berton ( 1920 - 2004 ) -- colourful Klondike -born vocal Canadian Nationalist figure and longtime journalist, author- Historian , and broadcaster
- Collin Brooks (1893 - 1959) journalist, broadcaster, writer, member of the Brains Trust and early Any Questions teams, right-hand-man for many years of Harold Sidney Harmsworth, 1st Viscount Rothermere
- Herb Caen - a Pulitzer Prize-winning columnist for the '' San Francisco Chronicle '' from the late 1930s until his passing in 1997
- Winston Churchill ( 1874 - 1965 ) War Correspondent in the Second Boer War , captured by the Boers
- Claud Cockburn ( 1904 - 1981 ) radical Irish journalist
- C.P. Connolly ( 1863 - 1935 ) radical American investigative journalist associated for many years with '' Collier's Weekly ''.
- Paul Foot ( 1938 - 2004 ) British investigative journalist
- Allan Fotheringham - witty and influential Canadian journalist and commentator for the '' Vancouver Sun '', '' Maclean's Magazine '' and the Globe And Mail .
- Martha Gellhorn ( 1908 - 1998 ) War Correspondent
- Carl Gordon ( 1931 - 2002 ) - West of Scotland based Journalist and columnist for '' The Glasgow Herald ''
- Emily Hahn ( 1905 - 1997 ) - wrote extensively on China
- Ernest Hemingway ( 1899 )-( 1961 ) - novelist and war journalist
- John L. Hess ( 1917 - 2005 ) - journalist, food critic for the '' New York Times ''
- Bruce Hutchison ( 1901 - 1992 ) - long-time editor of the ''Vancouver Sun'' and writer/reporter for the '' Winnipeg Free Press '' and the '' Victoria Times '', and editor of several books; considered the dean of British Columbia n journalists
- Pauline Kael ( 1919 - 2001 ) - film critic for '' The New Yorker ''
- Frederick C Klein ( 1938 - ) - author and sports columnist for '' The Wall Street Journal ''
- Andrew Kopkind ( 1935 - 1994 ) - radical American journalist wrote extensively social movements in the 1960s
- Will Lang Jr. (1914- 1968 ) staff reporter and bureau head for '' Time '' and '' Life '' magazines
- A.J. Liebling ( 1904 - 1963 ) American journalist closely associated with ''The New Yorker''
- Walter Lippmann ( 1889 - 1974 )
- Jonathan Meades
- H.L. Mencken ( 1880 - 1956 ) - Essayist , critic, and editor of '' The Baltimore Sun ''
- Margaret Lally "Ma" Murray ( 1908 - 1982 )- editor and co-publisher of the outspoken and colourful backcountry newspaper, the ''Bridge River-Lillooet News'' and, later, the ''Alaska Highway News''
- George Orwell ( 1903 - 1950 ), reported on Poverty , Misery , and the Spanish Civil War
- Robert Palmer ( 1945 - 1997 ) - first full-time, chief Pop Music critic for '' The New York Times '', '' Rolling Stone '' contributing editor
- Daniel Pearl - acclaimed war correspondent
- William Rees-Mogg - editor of '' The Times '' newspaper from 1967 to 1981
- James ("Scotty") Reston ( 1909 - 1995 ), political commentator for the ''New York Times''
- Edward Said ( 1935 - 2003 ) - essayist, Palestinian activist
- Paul Saint Pierre - ( 1923 -present) - reporter, columnist, commentator in the Vancouver Sun and nationally across Canada , also a long-time Member Of Parliament
- Adela Rogers St. Johns - ( 1894 - 1988 ) - American journalist, novelist, and screenwriter
- George Seldes ( 1890 - 1995 ), American journalist, editor and publisher of ''In Fact''
- George Bernard Shaw - better known as a Playwright , but influential as a music writer and wrote other forms of journalism
- Randy Shilts - reporter for '' The Advocate '' and ''San Francisco Chronicle''
- Edgar Snow , pro-socialist journalist and writer, chronicled the Chinese Revolution
- I.F. Stone ( 1907 - 1989 ), investigative journalist, publisher of ''I.F. Stone's Weekly''
- Anna Louise Strong , pro- Socialist journalist and writer
- Levi Vega Martinez , ( 1927 - 2002 ) costarican environmental journalist
- Bob Woodward - '' Washington Post '' reporter, helped uncover the Watergate scandal of President Richard Nixon , in a historical journalistic partnership with Carl Bernstein ; earned two Pulitzer Prizes
- Jack Wasserman - social/celebrity and politicial columnist for the '' Vancouver Sun '' beginning in 1949 ; Western Canada's equivalent to Walter Winchell
- Gary Webb - best known for his 1996 "Dark Alliance" investigative report series, in which he posited a connection between Nicaraguan Contras, the US military, and crack cocaine distribution in American cities
- Walter Winchell ( 1897 - 1972 ), American political columnist, radio broadcaster
- Patrice Barrat , a journalist and documentary producer, best know for investigating on globalization and major regional and international conflicts
- Lowell Bergman , a television producer for the CBS news magazine '' 60 Minutes ''; best known for investigating the tobacco industry
- David Brinkley , television anchor and interview show host on the American networks ABC and NBC
- Tom Brokaw , television journalist and former anchor and managing editor of ''The NBC Nightly News with Tom Brokaw''
- Deborah Byrd , creator and lead producer of the daily Earth & Sky science radio series.
- Vernon Corea , a pioneering radio journalist and announcer with Radio Ceylon / SLBC and the BBC
- Walter Cronkite , former United Press correspondent, TV Anchor for CBS News in the 50s , 60s
- Bob Edwards , anchor of '' Morning Edition '' on National Public Radio from 1979 - 2004
- Amy Goodman , anchor of '' Democracy Now '' on Pacifica radio
- Abraham Gubler , a television producer, magazine editor, journalist and broadcaster; best known for coverage of Iraq War
- Peter Jennings , television anchor for ABC
- Jim Lehrer , anchor of ''The Newshour with Jim Lehrer''
- Dan Rather , succeeded Cronkite as managing editor and primary anchor of the CBS Evening News
- Edward R. Murrow , CBS News Radio correspondent in London Blitz , maker of TV Documentaries , noted interviewer
- Sorious Samura , CNN TV Documentary maker from Sierra Leone
- Fritz Spiegl , popularizer of classical music for the BBC
- Brian Williams , succeeded Brokaw as managing editor and anchor of ''The NBC Nightly News''
- Bill O'Reilly , anchor of ''The O'Reilly Factor'' on FoxNews
In recent years the numbers of journalists publishing only on the Internet, as opposed to print or broadcast journalists whose work also appears online, has grown enormously. Some of the best-known include:
- Matt Drudge - The first famous Internet-only journalist for his work around scandals of the Clinton administration, in the United States.
- Richard Menta - Editor at MP3 Newswire and MP3.com
There are many examples of journalists who made their mark writing fiction or other non-journalism, including:
The explosion of modern media, including the creation of Internet-based news sources and the possibility that Citizen Journalism will greatly expand the field, has made it all but impossible to identify which journalists are notable, in the sense that they could be identified in the past. The global justice protests in Seattle (1999) gave rise to the independent media movement, exemplified by the Indymedia Media Center network, a collective of independent media organizations and hundreds of journalists offering grassroots, non-corporate coverage. Indymedia is a democratic media outlet for the creation of radical, accurate, and passionate tellings of truth.
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