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Joual is the common name for the linguistic features from Quebec French that are associated with the Working Class , those receiving Public Assistance , and even some Quebec Nationalists . Attitudes towards Joual range from Stigma to exaltation depending on Forms And Components Of Human Communication such as social setting (formal/informal; public/private), channel (spoken vs. written; broadcast) and so on.

Joual is often termed a s and a cultural renaissance connected to the Quebec Sovereignty Movement . At the beginning of the 21st century, Joual now fits the description of a Diatype more than any other categorization.


ORIGIN OF THE NAME ''JOUAL''


Although coinage of the name ''Joual'' is often attributed to French Canadian journalist André Laurendeau, usage of this term throughout French-speaking Canada predates the 1930's.

The actual word ''Joual'' is the representation of how the word ''cheval'' (horse) is pronounced by those who "speak in" Joual. ''Cheval'' is usually pronounced as one syllable, , by all francophones in La Francophonie . With this in mind, in the chain of speech some vowels and consonants undergo changes due to their environment. In the case of , the Voiceless Postalveolar Fricative was Voiced to become Voiced Postalveolar Fricative , thereby creating . Next, the at the beginning of a syllable in some regional dialects of French or even in very rapid speech in general weakens to become the Semi-vowel written "ou". The end result is the word transcribed as ''Joual''.


MOST NOTABLE OR STEREOTYPICAL LINGUISTIC FEATURES

  • ---toé -- toi (you or "ya")

  • ---moé -- moi (me)

  • ---chu -- je suis (I'm or "ahm")

  • ---té -- tu es (you're or "yer")

  • ---ché -- je sais (I know)

  • ---pis -- puis (then)

  • ---y -- il (he or "'e")

  • ---a -- elle (she)

  • ---ouais / ouin -- oui (yep or yeah)

  • ---y'a -- il y a (there's, "there're")

  • ---icitte -- ici (here)

  • ---ben -- bien (well)

  • ---sah -- sur la (on the 'xyz' (feminin))

  • ---su'l -- sur le (on the 'xyz' (masculin))

  • ---tsé -- tu sais (y'know)

  • ---nuitte -- nuit (night)

  • ---litte -- lit (bed)

  • ---haille? -- hein (wot? or wut?)



  • English words that were used in joual (although have, since the 1960s, been stigmatised):

  • --- Bécosse: From backhouse, used generally in the sense of a bathroom. Unlike most borrowing, this one can sometime be seen written, usually as here.

  • --- Bicycle or bécik (bicycle)

  • --- Bike or bécik (motorbike)

  • --- Blood: compliment as in "Té Blood" all right . Rarely heard nowaday.

  • --- Braker: pronounced {Link without Title} . Verb meaning "to brake"

  • --- Breaker: pronounced {Link without Title} . Fuse.

  • --- Coat: only for the clothing item, never in the sense of "layer"

  • --- Chum: Most often in the sense of boyfriend although sometime simply as friend.

  • --- Frencher: Pronounced {Link without Title} . To French-kiss

  • --- Fuse

  • --- Gun

  • --- Gas: Pronounced {Link without Title} . In the sense of fuel.

  • --- Lift: Pronounced {Link without Title} only used in the sense of giving a lift to someone in one's vehicle.

  • --- Peppermint: Normally pronounced {Link without Title} .

  • --- Pinotte: Peanuts. Unlike most other borrowing, this one is sometime seen written, usually as here.

  • --- les States: Pronounced Stayt (the "s" is mute). Use when referring to the USA.

  • --- Tank: usually pronounced Used in the sense of "container": Tinque a gaz [fuel tank

  • --- tchine-tchine: from "cheers", said when making a toast.

  • --- Tough

  • --- Truck

  • --- Suit: For a coat

  • --- Ski-doo: For a snowmobile (It is the name of a Bombardier trademark)



  • Some words were also previously thought to be of English origins although modern research has shown them to be from regional French dialects:

  • --- Bonhomme sept-heure {Link without Title} : previously believed to come from "bone setters". similarly called characters exist in some part of northern France.

  • --- Pitoune (log, cute girl, loose girl): previously thought to come from "happy town" although the word "pitchoune" exists in auvergnat that means "cute girl".

  • --- Poutine : was thought to come from pudding but some have drawn parallel with languedocian's "poudingo", a stew made of scraps which was (in Montréal) the previous use of the term.


Diphthong s are normally present where Long Vowel s would be present in standard French.

Although ''moé'' and ''toé'' are today considered substandard slang pronunciations, these were the pronunciations of Old French used by the kings of France, the aristocracy and the common people in many provinces of France. After the 1789 French Revolution , the standard pronunciation in France changed to that of the bourgeois class in Paris, but Quebec retained many old pronunciations and expressions, having been isolated from the Revolution by the 1760 British Conquest of New France.

Joual shares many features with modern Oïl Languages such as, Norman , Gallo , Picard and Poitevin-Saintongeais . Speakers of these Languages Of France were predominant in settlers to New France .


SEE ALSO





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