| John Murray, 4th Earl Of Dunmore |
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| CATEGORIES ABOUT JOHN MURRAY, 4TH EARL OF DUNMORE | |
| british officials in the american revolution | |
| dunmore, john murray, 4th earl of | |
| colonial governors of virginia | |
| colonial governors of new york | |
| earls in the peerage of scotland | |
| 1730 births | |
| 1809 deaths | |
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John Murray, 4th Earl of Dunmore ( 1730 – February 25 , 1809 ) was the British governor of the Province Of New York from 1770 to 1771 and the Virginia Colony , from September 25 , 1771 until just before the American Revolutionary War began in June 1775 . During his term as Virginia's colonial governor, from 1771 to 1774 , he directed a series of campaigns against the Indians known as Lord Dunmore's War . The Shawnee were the main target of these attacks, and his purpose was to strengthen Virginia's claims in the west, particularly in the Ohio Country . Some have accused him of colluding with the Shawnees and arranging the war in order to deplete the Virginia militia and help safeguard the Loyalist cause, should there be an American Revolution. THE REVOLUTION From 1774 on, Dunmore was continually clashing with the Colonial Assembly . He left Williamsburg on June 8 , 1775 , retreating to his hunting lodge, Porto Bello, and had to hide on the British warship ''Fowey'' in the York River when the American Revolutionary War began. When he couldn't regain control of Virginia, he went back to England in July 1776. He is noted for Lord Dunmore's Proclamation (http://collections.ic.gc.ca/blackloyalists/documents/official/dunmore.htm) - November 7 , 1775 whereby he offered freedom to Enslaved Africans who joined his Army. This was the first mass emancipation of slaves in North America . He organised these Black Loyalist s into the Ethiopian Regiment. After the Battle Of Kemp's Landing , Dunmore became over confident. Tricked by a Double Agent he engaged the enemy at the Battle Of Great Bridge , December 9 , 1775. Following his defeat, he decamped his army onto the British fleet and retreated to New York . This played a large role in Dunmore's departure from Virginia. LATER LIFE From 1787 to 1796 he was governor of the Bahamas . Father of Lady Augusta Murray daughter in law of George III HERITAGE
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