Information AboutJerusalem |
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Jerusalem (; '''Ιεροσόλυμα'''), the capital of Israel , is an ancient Middle East ern city on the watershed between the Mediterranean Sea and the Dead Sea at an elevation of 650-840 meters. It is located east of Tel Aviv , south of Ramallah , west of Jericho and north of Bethlehem . Jerusalem has a long history. Archaeological findings indicate the existence of a settlement in Jerusalem in the 3rd millennium BCE. The first mention of the city in historic sources begins in the 2nd millennium BCE. First built and founded by the Jebusites , it became the Capital of the Jewish Kingdoms of Israel , Judah and Judea in the First Temple and Second Temple periods. It continued to be the main city in the Holy Land during the Muslim rule. It is the holiest city of Judaism , and is of special significance to Christianity and Islam . Jerusalem is the capital of the modern State Of Israel ; until 1967, this was comprised only of western Jerusalem. The status of the Eastern Part Of Jerusalem , administered by Israel since 1967, as part of the Israeli capital or a capital for a Future Palestinian State , and the control over that part of the city and its holy places, are subjects of international controversy. With a population of 704,900 (as of , Christian , Jew ish, and Muslim . The current mayor of Jerusalem is Uri Lupolianski , the first Haredi to ever hold such position. .]] NAME See Also: Names of Jerusalem The origin of the name of the city is uncertain. It is possible to understand the name ( after unbinding Isaac , and explained in Genesis as meaning that God will be revealed there) is placed in front of "Shalem". The plural ending implies the community of all believers in the One God who testify to the city's holiness. HISTORY See Also: History of Jerusalem According to Jewish Mythology and Tradition , Jerusalem was founded by Shem and Ever , ancestors of Abraham . Modern Archeology traces the earliest written record of the city to Egyptian records of the Bronze Age . It is thought that the city dates back to least as far back as 3000 BCE . It was first built and founded by the Canaanite s, who gave it the name Uru Salim, meaning "the city of peace". From about 1600 to 1300 BCE, the city came under Egyptian Suzerainty though continued to be governed by Canaanite rulers who paid tribute to the Pharaohs. During this period the city increasingly came under attacks from the Habiru , possibly the ancestors of the Jew s. According to Biblical tradition, the city was controlled by the Jebusites until its conquest by David in c. 1000 BCE. David expanded the city to the south, and declared it the capital city of the united Kingdom Of Israel . In c. 960 BCE, Solomon built the First Jewish Temple . For about four centuries after the Ten Tribes split off to form the northern Kingdom Of Israel , Jerusalem served as the capital of the southern Kingdom Of Judah . By the end of the First Temple period, Jerusalem was the sole acting religious shrine in the kingdom and a center of regular pilgrimage. Historical records corroborate some of the Biblical history from around the 9th century BCE and attest the significance of the Temple in Jewish religious life. In 597 BCE, the city was overcome by the Babylonia ns and in 586 BCE, the city's walls were ruined and the Temple was burnt. After several decades of Captivity , the Jews were allowed by Cyrus II Of Persia to return to Judah and rebuild the city and the Temple. It continued to be the capital of Judah and center of Jewish worship for another four centuries under the Hasmonean Kingdom . By 19 BCE, the Temple Mount was raised and the Temple Was Rebuilt under Herod The Great , a Jewish client-king under Roman rule. In 6 CE, the city and Iudaea Province came under direct Roman rule. The Great Jewish Revolt resulted in the destruction of the Temple in 70 CE. The city served as the national capital again for almost 3 years during the Bar Kokhba's Revolt against Rome; it was sacked in 135 CE. For almost two millennia since then, Jerusalem did not serve as the national capital of any independent state, until the renewed independence of Israel in 1948 . In 638, the city was taken by the advancing Muslim forces. The rights of the non-Muslims under Islam were governed by the Pact Of Umar and Christians and Jews living in the city were granted autonomy in exchange for a required Poll Tax . Whereas the Byzantine Christian authorities had not tolerated the presence of Jews within the walls of the city, the Muslim rulers allowed the reestablishment of a Jewish community.Peter, 186 After the treaty of Capitulation signed with the Byzantines, Umar ordered the Patriarch Sophronius to guide him and those who accompanied him to the sanctuary of King David where he later decided to build a mosque in front of the Rock. The mosque became known as Masjid al Aqsa. In 1099, the city was conquered by the , 1244 by the Kharezmian Tatars , 1247 by the Egyptians, 1259 by the Mongols , 1260 by the Mamelukes and in 1517, by the Ottoman Turks . In 1917, the British Army led by General Allenby captured the city. As the British Mandate Of Palestine was expiring, the 1947 UN Partition Plan (Part III) recommended that "The City of Jerusalem shall be established as a corpus separatum under a special international regime and shall be administered by the United Nations." The 1949 Cease-fire Line between Israel and Jordan , also known as the Green Line , cuts through the city. From 1949 until 1967, Western Jerusalem was part of Israel and East Jerusalem was part of Jordan . From 1950 to 1967, the capital claimed by Israel comprised Western Jerusalem. After Israel captured Eastern Jerusalem from Jordan in the 1967 Six-Day War , Israel has administered and has asserted Sovereignty over the entire city. The status of the city is disputed. |
Image:Knesset In Jerusalem IsraeljpgThe
| "http://wwwinformationdelightinfo/encyclopedia/entry/Knesset" class="copylinks">Knesset building, Israel's parliament |
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Image:SupremeCourtIsrael ST 06jpgFrontal View Of
| "http://wwwinformationdelightinfo/encyclopedia/entry/Supreme_Court_of_Israel" class="copylinks">The Supreme Court building |
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| "http://wwwinformationdelightinfo/encyclopedia/entry/Shrine_of_the_Book" class="copylinks">Shrine Of The Book |
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| "http://wwwinformationdelightinfo/encyclopedia/entry/Tower_of_David" class="copylinks">The David Tower Museum |
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| "http://wwwinformationdelightinfo/encyclopedia/entry/Hebrew_University_of_Jerusalem" class="copylinks">Hebrew University Of Jerusalem , Givat Ram campus |
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| "http://wwwinformationdelightinfo/encyclopedia/entry/Jerusalem_Central_Bus_Station" class="copylinks">Jerusalem Central Bus Station |
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| "http://wwwinformationdelightinfo/encyclopedia/entry/Jerusalem_Malcha_Train_Station" class="copylinks">Malcha Railway Station |
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