| Jacques Hadamard |
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Jacques Solomon Hadamard ( December 8 , 1865 - October 17 , 1963 ) was a French Mathematician best known for his proof of the Prime Number Theorem . He studied at the École Normale Supérieure . After the Dreyfus Affair , which involved him personally, he became politically active and became a staunch supporter of Jew ish causes. He introduced the idea of '' Well-posed Problem '' in the theory of Partial Differential Equation s. He also gave his name to the Hadamard Inequality on volumes, and the Hadamard Matrix , on which the Hadamard Transform is based. The Hadamard Gate in Quantum Computing uses this matrix. In his book '' Psychology of Invention in the Mathematical Field'', Hadamard uses Introspection to describe mathematical thought processes. In sharp opposition to authors who identify Language and Cognition , he describes his own mathematical thinking as largely wordless, often accompanied by Mental Images that condense the overall idea of a proof. He surveyed 100 of the leading physicists of the day (approx. 1900), asking them how they did their work. Many of the responses mirrored his; some reported seeing matematical concepts as colors. Einstein reported feeling sensations in his forearms. Alan Kay, in his "Alan Kay: Doing with Images Makes Symbols Pt 1 (1987) {Link without Title} ", maps this is Piaget's stages of learning. One of his students was André Weil . WRITINGS
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