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He was born in by capturing Nanking. That is what I must do." Matsui planned the attack of Nanjing for November of 1937. As he marched his troops westward from Shanghai, however, Hirohito was planning to place his cousin, Prince Asaka Yasuhiko , in command of the SEF. Asaka was promoted to Matsui's post on December 5 , 1937 , and Matsui became theater commander. On December 10 , 1937 , the SEF began its attack on Nanking, and the Kuomintang forces that remained surrendered on December 13 , 1937 . The Nanjing Massacre began immediately afterwards, but halted only temporarily when Matsui marched triumphantly into Nanking on December 17 , 1937 . While Matsui himself was not present during the beginning of the atrocities (he was ill at the time), he was aware of what his men were doing in the city, as were members of the Japanese foreign service who had followed the army into the city. Word began to trickle out of Nanking, and growing pressure was placed on the Imperial government to recall the SEF's officers. Both Matsui and Asaka were recalled to Japan in 1938. Matsui retired, and returned to his hometown of Atami . Along with several others in the community, he built a large statue of Kannon , the Goddess of Mercy, facing in the direction of Nanking. He was decorated on April 29 , 1940 for his role in the war. In 1948 , the International Military Tribunal For The Far East found him guilty of war crimes, and he was hanged that December at Sugamo Prison, alongside six others, including Tojo Hideki . Matsui's Buddhist confessor Hanayama wrote of the conversation he had with Matsui on November 29(some say it is on December 9). "I am ashamed of the Nanking Incident...I participated in the Russo-Japanese War as a captain, but the division commmanders at the time and now are totally different. In the Russo-Japanese War, the handling of the captives and other managements were excellent. But it did not go like that this time," said Matsui according to Hanayama. "After the memorial service, I gathered up everybody and warned them with tears of anger. Both Prince Asaka and Lieutenant General Yanagawa were there. told them we came all the way to stand on the majesty of the Emperor, but the dignity the Imperial Army was lost at a stroke through the brutal acts of the soldiers. But then everyone laughed. To my displeasure, a certain division commander even uttered, 'of course.'" He was 71 at the time of his death. In their decision, the Tribunal wrote: The Tribunal is satisfied that Matsui knew what was happening. He did nothing, or nothing effective to abate these horrors. He did issue orders before the capture of the City enjoining propriety of conduct upon his troops and later he issued further orders to the same purport. These orders were of no effect as is now known, and as he must have known. It was pleaded in his behalf that at this time he was ill. His illness was not sufficient to prevent his conducting the military operations of his command nor to prevent his visiting the City for days while these atrocities were occurring. He was in command of the Army responsible for these happenings. He knew of them. He had the power, as he had the duty, to control his troops and to protect the unfortunate citizens of Nanking. He must be held criminally responsible for his failure to discharge this duty. The first edition of '' The Rape Of Nanking '', by Iris Chang , followed the IMTFE's lead in blaming Matsui for the massacre, as Matsui planned the invasion of Nanking and was Asaka's commanding officer during the Rape. James Yin and Shi Young's book of the same title, however, blames Asaka for the massacre, and portrays Matsui as a helpless figurehead stuck between a prince and an emperor. The truth is a matter of continued debate. |
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