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Colitis
 

Information About

Ischemic Colitis






AETIOLOGY


Non-occlusive ischemia

In hemodynamic instable patients (i.e. shock ) the mesenteric perfusion may be compromized. This condition is commonly asymptomatic, and usually only apparent through a Systemic Inflammatory Response . Mortality is roughly 70%


Occlusive ischemia

Mostly the result of a thromboembolism of the Arteria Mesenterica Superior or the venae mesenterica (rare). Commonly the embolism is caused by Atrial Fibrillation , valvular disease, Myocardial Infarction , or Cardiomyopathy .


SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS

Signs and Symptom s of ischemic colitis may be subtle but can include altered mental state, severe abdominal Pain , Fever , tachycardia, Vomiting , Bloody Diarrhea , and Septic Shock .


DIAGNOSIS

Computed Tomography is very useful in evaluating patients for enteric ischemia, but also in strangulation complicated closed-loop intestinal obstruction. Imaging is more reliable when used as transmural necrosis has developed. Should the findings remain non-specific one could perform Angiography which is considered the best tool for diagnosing mesenteric ischemia. When colonic ischemia is suspected Endoscopic evaluation is the preferred method.


TREATMENT

Non-occlusive ischemia is treated by maintaining Blood Pressure to ensure adequate perfusion and oxygenation of the gut. Acute occlusive ischemia requires urgent surgery.


REFERENCE



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