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Hwanghae-do
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Hwanghae-do
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황해도
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黃海道
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Hwanghae (Hwanghae 황해)
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Province
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Haeju
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Haesŏ
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Hwanghae
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Northwest
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''Unavailable''
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(''Hwanghae-do'') was one of the
Eight Provinces of
Korea during the
Joseon Dynasty , and one of the thirteen provinces of Korea during the
Japanese Colonial Period . Hwanghae was located in the northwest of Korea. The provincial capital was
Haeju .
In
1395 , the province was organized as P'unghae (''P'unghae-do;'' 풍해도; 豊海道). In
1417 , the province was renamed Hwanghae. The name derived from the names of the two principal cities of Hwangju (황주; 黃州) and Haeju (해주; 海州).
In
1895 , the province was reorganized into the
Districts of Haeju (''Haeju-bu;'' 해주부; 海州府) in the west and
Gaeseong (''Gaeseong-bu;'' 개성부; 開城府) in the east, but in 1896, a new system of thirteen provinces was established, and Hwanghae Province was reconstituted.
In
1945 , Korea was
Divided into
Soviet and
American zones of occupation, north and south respectively of the
38th Parallel . The southernmost part of Hwanghae (around the towns of
Ongjin and
Yŏnan ) was cut off from the rest of the province by the dividing line, and joined
Gyeonggi Province in the southern half of the country. In
1948 , Hwanghae and Gyeonggi Provinces became parts of the new countries of
North and
South Korea respectively.
In
1953 , at the end of the
Korean War , the
Northern Limit Line was established, which marked the maritime boundary between North and South Korea. The line runs between the mainland portion of Gyeonggi Province that had been part of Hwanghae before 1945, and the adjacent offshore islands (the largest of which is
Baengnyeongdo ). As a result, the mainland portion reverted to North Korean control, while the islands remained a part of South Korea. (Since
1999 , North Korea has claimed a more southerly
Maritime Military Demarcation Line , which would make the islands a part of North Korea as well. Disputes between North and South Korean naval vessels often occur in this area.)
In
1954 , North Korea's Hwanghae Province was divided into
North and
South Hwanghae .
Hwanghae was bounded by
P'yŏngan (after
1896 South P'yŏngan ) on the north,
Kangwŏn on the east,
Gyeonggi on the south, and the
Yellow Sea on the west.
The
Regional Name for the province was
Haesŏ .
