| Husain Ibn Ali |
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| CATEGORIES ABOUT HUSAYN IBN ALI | |
| muslim history | |
| shia imams | |
| 626 births | |
| 680 deaths | |
| ismailism | |
| battle of karbala | |
| muslim martyrs | |
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Husayn ibn Ali ibn Abu Talib (shorter form, '''Husayn ibn Ali''') (15th Ramadan 3 AH - 28th Safar 50 AH) ()) was the grandson of the Islam ic prophet Muhammad . His mother was Muhammad's daughter Fatima Zahra and his father was Muhammad's cousin, Ali Ibn Abu Talib . Husayn is revered as the Third Imam by most Shi'a s and the Second Imam by some Shi'a sects. He is also respected by Sunnis because he belonged to the household of Muhammad, the Ahl Al-Bayt . Husayn was the second son of Ali and Fatima. He and his brother, Hassan Ibn Ali , are said to have been greatly loved by their grandfather Muhammad. He was killed at the Battle of Karbala in 680 CE. The anniversary of his death is called Ashura and it is a day of mourning and religious observance for Shi'a Muslims. FAMILY LIFE Husayn and Hassan’s mother, Fatima, died while they were still young. Husayn was raised by his stepmothers, amidst a crowd of half-siblings. He came of age in tumultuous times, when the Muslim realm was expanding over the Middle East and his father Ali was deeply involved in the politics of the expanding empire. Husayn is said to have married the eldest daughter of Yazdegerd III , the last king of Sassanid Persia. Shi'a Muslims believe that Ali ibn Hussain, whom they regard as the fourth imam, is the son of this Shahrbanu . ALI'S CALIPHATE AND THE CLAIMS OF HIS SONS Husayn's father, Ali, was caliph from 656 to 661 CE. He faced continual challenges to his rule, and died, killed by an assassin, in the city of Kufa . Ali's followers proclaimed his eldest son Hassan as caliph. Muawiyah , the governor of Syria, had fought Ali for the leadership of the empire and now prepared to fight Hassan. After a few inconclusive skirmishes between the armies of Hassan and Muawiyah, Hassan decided to spare his followers, and the Islamic empire, the agonies of another civil war. He signed a treaty with Muawiyah and retired to private life in Medina. This could have been a temporary reverse for the Alids and their supporters. When Muawiyah died, the caliphate would be open again, and Hassan and Husayn, as grandsons of Muhammad and the sons of a caliph, would have a good claim to leadership. Hassan died in 669, while Muawiyah was still alive, leaving Husayn as the head of the Alids. However, Muawiyah chose to proclaim his son Yazid his heir while he was still alive, thus attempting to turn the caliphate from an elective into an inherited position, and removing Husayn from consideration as the next caliph. Muawiyah died in 680 CE. In Damascus, Muawiyah's capital and the heart of his power, Yazid was acclaimed as caliph. However, other parts of the Islamic empire were less willing to acknowledge Yazid. Citizens of Kufa, in what is now Iraq, invited Husayn, Ali's eldest surviving son, to come lead them in a revolt against Yazid. Husayn was then in Mecca, having fled Medina to evade the forces of Yazid. He gathered his wives and children, and the few warriors who would commit to him, and marched towards Kufa. BATTLE OF KARBALA Yazid had heard of the incipient rebellion in Kufa and sent a force to suppress the insurgents. Before Husayn even neared Kufa, his supporters had been crushed. A force of about 3000 surrounded Husayn and cut off his camp from their water supply. After a long and hard fought battle, Husayn and his warriors (said to number only seventy-two) were killed. The surviving women and children were taken captive and delivered to Yazid in Damascus, along with the severed heads of Hussain and those of his close companions. BURIAL Husayn's body is said to have been buried in Karbala, near the site of his death. Most accounts say that his head was later retrieved and interred with his body. The Imam Hussain Shrine was later built over his grave; it is now a holy site of pilgrimage for Shi'a Muslims. SHI'A VIEWS OF HUSAYN All Shi'a, of whatever sect, regard Husayn as an Imam and a martyr. Most accounts state that he knew that his efforts were doomed, but set out on his path towards martyrdom in order to save Islam and the Ummah from annihilation at the hands of Yazid. According to Shi'a belief he was a willing sacrifice to religious necessity. Shi'a view Hussain as a positive role-model of courage and resistance against tyranny. Ashura , a day of mourning, is held in honor of his sacrifice. MAXIMS ATTRIBUTED TO HUSAYN
Source: {Link without Title} . Edited for grammar SUCCESSION SEE ALSO EXTERNAL LINKS Shi'a links
Sunni links |
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