| High Church Lutheranism |
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BACKGROUND The terms High Church and Low Church do not originally belong to Lutheran tradition, because unlike in Anglicanism , Lutherans have historically been unified in the doctrine expressed in the Book Of Concord . However, within Lutheranism there began quite early to be polarities created by influences from the Reformed tradition, leading to so-called " Crypto-Calvinism ". The Pietist movement in the 17th century also moved the Lutheran church further in a direction that would be "low church" by Anglican standards. In the 20th century the Anglican terms "High Church" and "Low Church" began to be used to describe these differences in opinion within the Lutheran tradition as well. HIGH CHURCH MOVEMENTS The roots of 20th century Lutheran high church movements are in Neo-Lutheranism , Confessional Lutheranism , Anglo-Catholicism and the Liturgical Movement . High church Lutheranism has often been, especially in Scandinavian Lutheran churches, a Revival movement, in opposition to State Church and folk church ideologies. Often it has been marginalized and resisted by advocates of Liberal Theology and Pietism . High Church movements have in some cases fallen into crisis because of the issue of Ordination Of Women . Still they have influenced in the long run whole church bodies and even eventually developed liberal forms. The most remarkable Lutheran high church movement is in the Church Of Sweden . In recent years the Evangelical Community Church - Lutheran and several other small, biblically and theologically conservative high church ( Evangelical Catholic ) Lutheran Churches in the United States have recovered the historic Apostolic Succession from Old Catholic Church es, worship using the liturgies of the Roman Catholic Church, and are working toward reunion with the Roman Catholic Church. Through Ecumenism high church ideas have been accepted more widely in academic theology. Especially American high church Lutherans often use the term '' Evangelical-catholic '' instead of ''high church'', because it is felt to be more theologically precise. THEOLOGY AND SPIRITUALITY High Church Lutheranism stresses aspects of the confession of the church, , except among the most high church of the North American Lutheran Churches like the Evangelical Community Church - Lutheran, the Benediction of the Blessed Sacrament is not often practised even in High Church Lutheranism. NOTABLE PERSONS IN THE HISTORY OF HIGH CHURCH LUTHERANISM Sweden Finland Germany United States SEE ALSO
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