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Hawaiian Islands National Wildlife Refuge





The refuge was established in 1909 by President Theodore Roosevelt 's Executive Order 1019. It consists of a chain of remote Island s, Reef s, and Atoll s, including Nihoa , Necker Island , French Frigate Shoals , Laysan , Lisianski Island , Gardner Pinnacles , Maro Reef , and Pearl and Hermes Reef . In total, the refuge has over 1,805,403 acres (7,306 km²) of submerged coral reefs. These islands and reefs also provide habitat for the Hawaiian Monk Seal and Hawaiian Green Sea Turtle .

A Wetland reserve providing habitat for Waterbird s on Kauai was added in 1973 and covers 241 Acres (1 km²). It can be viewed from Menehune Fish Pond adjecent to the park. It is inhabited by species such as the Hawaiian Stilt , Hawaiian Coot , Hawaiian Moorhen and Hawaiian Duck .


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