| Hatay Province |
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Information AboutHatay Province |
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Hatay is a (''Suwaidiyyah'') (Alawi), Altınözü (''Qusair'') and Reyhanlı (''Rihaniyyah'') (Sunni). Its capital is Antakya , formerly Antioch . Alexandretta is also located within the province, but is now known by its Turkish name, İskenderun . The province has an area of 5,545 km&2 (2,141 mi&2) and a population of 1,253,726 in the 2000 census. SANJAK OF ALEXANDRETTA Hatay was formerly part of various emirates. After being conquered by the Ottoman Empire , it was known as the sanjak (or governorate) of Alexandretta. Following the empire's demise after World War I , it became part of the French mandate of Syria . The Sanjak of Alexandretta was an autonomous sanjak from Muslims, Alawites , Greek Orthodox , Greek Catholics , Maronites etc.), quite numerous Jew s, and Kurdish and Armenian ones, plus some Greeks . Then it was attached to the State of Aleppo , and in 1925 it was directly attached to the State of Syria , still with a special administrative status. In 1936 , the elections returned two Syrian independentist (favoring the independence of Syria from France) MP's in the sanjak, and this prompted communal riots as well as passionated articles in the Turkish and Syrian press. It then became the subject of a complaint to the League Of Nations by the Turkish government under Mustafa Kemal Atatürk concerning alleged mistreatment of the area's Turkish populations. Atatürk demanded that it become part of Turkey, claiming that the majority of its inhabitants were Turks. The sanjak was given autonomy in November 1937 in an arrangement brokered by the League. Under its new statute, the sanjak became 'distinct but not separated' from Syria on the diplomatic level, linked to both France and Turkey for defence matters. In , all of which were considered as Turks by Ankara. The assembly was elected in the summer of 1938 and the French-Turkish treaty settling the status of the Sanjak was signed on 4 July 1938. The election for the parliamentary seats was monitored by the Turkish Army and many Turks from the provinces Adana and Gaziantep were registered as voters. REPUBLIC OF HATAY On while still holding the prime-ministerial post. PROVINCE OF HATAY In 1939 , majority Turkish MPs voted for unification with Turkey, following which the former sanjak became a Turkish province. The Hassa district of Gaziantep and Dörtyol district of Adana were incorporated to the province in order to increase the Turkish proportion of the population. The result was a flight of many Arabs and Armenians from Hatay to other parts of Syria. France's willingness to accede to Turkish demands was at least partly influenced by its government's wariness of getting involved in a potential overseas conflict while Germany posed a clear military threat on its immediate borders. As World War II began just afterwards, the League of Nations didn't have time to give its opinion about this cession. Syria did not recognize Turkey's incorporation of Hatay and the issue has been a source of some tension between the two countries until recently. The French action to cede the province to Turkey influenced the decision of Syrian President Hashim Al-Atassi to resign in protest at continued French intervention in Syrian affairs. However in early 2005, when the visits from Turkish President Ahmet Necdet Sezer and Turkish prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan opened a way to discussions between two states, Syrian government announced it had no claims to sovereignty concerning Hatay anymore. Hatay figured in the Indiana Jones movie '' Indiana Jones And The Last Crusade '', where it was portrayed as the final resting place of the Holy Grail in the "canyon of the crescent moon" outside of Alexandretta. In the movie, the Nazis offer the " Sultan of Hatay" precious valuables to compensate for removing the Grail from his borders. He ignores the valuables, but accepts their Rolls-Royce Phantom II.. The Turkish film ''Propaganda'' {Link without Title} , realised in 1999 by Sinan Çetin , portrays the difficult materialisation of the Turkish-Syrian border in 1948 , cutting through villages and families. EXTERNAL LINKS
SOURCE fr Elizabeth Picard, 'Retour au Sandjak', Maghreb-Machrek (Paris) n°99, jan.-feb.-march 1982 |
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