| Hard Systems |
Article Index for Hard |
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Information AboutHard Systems |
| CATEGORIES ABOUT HARD SYSTEMS | |
| systems theory | |
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hard systems thinking hard systems approaches (systems analysis (structured methods), systems engineering, operations research) assume: – objective reality of systems in the world – well-defined problem to be solved – technical factors foremost – scientific approach to problem-solving – one correct solution methodology in SSADM - rigid techniques and procedures to provide unambiguous solutions to well-defined data and processing problems problems, focused on computer implementations in SSM - a loose framework of tools to be used at the discretion of the analyst, focused on improvements to organisational problems Systems Thinking According to Peter Checkland, ‘Systems Thinking’ is composed of two complementary processes: Systems Analysis Systems Synthesis Checkland draws attention to these two alternative paradigms to explain the nature and significance of Systems Thinking Paradigm 1 - the world is considered to be systemic and is studied systematically Paradigm 2 - the world is problematic (I.e. it admits to many different interpretations and we study it systemically Paradigm 1 - reflects the notion of Hard Systems Thinking Paradigm 2 - reflects the notion of Soft Systems Thinking Hard Systems Thinking - an objective or end to be achieved can be taken as given and a system can be engineered to achieve the stated objective Soft Systems Thinking - known to be desirable ends cannot be taken as given 3 Developments in Systems Thinking 4 Developments in Hard Systems Thinking Largely developed in the 1950s Systems Engineering Systems Analysis Systems Dynamics |
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