is the traditional
Korea n dress (known as ''chosŏn-ot'' (조선 옷) in
North Korea ). It is characterized by vibrant colors and simple lines without pockets.
Some of the basic elements of today’s hanbok, namely the shirt - ''
Jeogori '' and pants - ''
Baji '', were probably worn at a very early date, but it was not until the
Three Kingdoms Period (57 BC - AD 668) that the two-piece costume of today began to evolve. Short, tight trousers and tight, waist-length jackets were worn by both men and women during the early part of the period, as evidenced by ancient tomb paintings.
Toward the end of the Three Kingdoms period,
Tang China introduced Koreans to
Silk robes which were adopted for wear by royalty and officials. Noblewomen began to wear full-length skirts and wide-sleeved, hip-length jackets belted at the waist and noblemen began to wear roomy trousers bound in at the ankles and a narrow, tunic-style jacket cuffed at the wrists and belted at the waist.
Following the
Mongol Invasions Of Korea during the
Goryeo Dynasty (918 - 1392), Korea was a vassal state of the
Mongolia n
Yuan Dynasty for about 80 years. King
Chungnyol Of Goryeo (r. 1274-1308), took as his wife a princess from the court of
Kublai Khan and began dressing in the Mongol fashion. It is said that within three years of his ascendance to the throne, every official in the Goryeo court had shaved his head except for a patch of hair in the middle and had adopted the dress of the Mongolian plains people.
During the short time Goryeo was a Mongol vassal, three kings were born to Korean-Mongolian queens, which had quite an effect on the social and fashion trends of the times. The skirt ''chima'' was shortened as was the shirt ''jeogori'', which was hiked up above the waist and tied at the chest with a long, wide ribbon instead of belted and the sleeves were curved slightly.
The upper classes wore hanbok of closely woven ramie cloth or other high-grade lightweight materials in warm weather and of plain and patterned silks the rest of the year. Commoners were restricted by law as well as resources to cotton at best. The upper classes wore a variety of colors, though bright colors were generally worn by children and young girls and subdued colors by middle-aged men and women. Commoners were restricted by law to everyday clothes of white but for special occasions they wore dull shades of pale pink, light green, gray and charcoal. Formally, when Korean men go outdoors, they're required to wear overcoat known as ''durumagi'' which comes down to knee-length.
.]]
Both males and females wore their hair in a long pigtail until they were married, at which time the hair was knotted-the man’s in a topknot ''sangtu'' on the top of the head and the woman’s in a ball just above the nape of the neck. A long pin, or ''binyeo'', was thrust through the knotted hair of the woman as both a fastener and a decoration. The material and length of the binyo varied according to the wearer’s class and status. Headwear for men also varied according to class and status.
Hanbok are classified according to their purposes: everyday dress, ceremonial dress and special dress. Ceremonial dresses are worn on formal occasions, including a child's first birthday, a wedding or a funeral. Special dresses are made for shamans and officials.
Today the hanbok is still sometimes worn during formal occasions. The everyday use of the dress, however, has been lost, with a few exceptions such as at Chunghakdong, a famous anachronistic village.
