The first real-life gynoids are the Repliee Q1 Family , including Repliee R1 (resembling a little Girl ) and its successors Repliee Q1 and Repliee Q2.
From 600 BC onward legends of talking bronze and clay , Plato, Pindar, Tacitus, and Pliny. In Book 18 of the '' Iliad '', Hephaestus the god of all mechanical arts, was assisted by two moving female statues made from gold - "living young damsels, filled with minds and wisdoms". Another legend has Hephaestus being commanded by Zeus to create the first woman, Pandora , from out of clay. The myth of Pygmalion , king of Cyprus , tells of a lonely man who sculpted his ideal woman from ivory, Galatea , and then promptly fell in love with her after the goddess Aphrodite brings her to life. The idea of loving an artificial creation was recounted in modern times by Henry Higgins and Eliza Doolittle in George Bernard Shaw 's play '' Pygmalion '' ( 1916 ) originally staged with Marionette s, and in the musical '' My Fair Lady '' ( 1956 ). Variations on this recurrent theme appear in E.T.A. Hoffmann 's gothic short story '' Der Sandmann '' ( 1817 ) in which the love object is the automaton Olympia, in Léo Delibes ' ballet '' Coppélia '' ( 1870 ) where it is the eponymous dancing doll, and in countless recent science fiction films and novels.
Since the Renaissance, inventors began considering machines for more realistic yet aesthetic purposes. In 1540 , Italian inventor Gianello Torriano of Cremona made automata for the amusement of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor , including a life-sized girl plucking a Lute . The girl could walk in straight lines or circles and tilt her head. It still exists and now resides in the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna. During the 1640 s, the French philosopher René Descartes is reputed to have travelled with an artificial female companion called Francine, named after his daughter. Austrian Friedrich Von Knauss developed a "writing doll" in 1760 capable of writing up to 107 words through dictation. By 1773 , the Jaquet-Droz brothers in France had developed a series of life-like mechanical puppets which included a sixteen year old female musician. The musician played a piano with fingers on the appropriate keys and was designed to simulate breathing as well as turn her head sideways and bow at the end of each performance. Mechanist Les Maillardet is credited in inspiring the invention of "The Philadelphia Doll" ( 1812 ) which was capable of writing in English and French and drew landscapes. In 1823 , Johann Nepomuk Maelzel had manufactured a doll that could state "Ma-ma" and "Pa-pa". By 1891 , Thomas Edison developed this work further by patenting his Talking Doll, utilising a wax cylinder that recited " Mary Had A Little Lamb ", based on Maelzel's earlier idea. Initially to advertise his phonograph, more than 500 were produced.
The industrial revolution and in particular since World War II , the development of Cybernetic s and the concept of Artificial Intelligence led to more complex ideas of robots and androids. Whereas robots in the past have performed routine and mundane tasks, a fully independent gynoid has yet to be developed. The first real-life gynoid is Repliee Q1 .
The list below includes gynoids or Cyborg s with a female appearance.
- Alicia, in "The Lonely" an episode from '' The Twilight Zone '' ( 1959 ).
- The Alienator, from '' Alienator '' ( 1989 ).
- Alsatia Zevo from '' Toys (movie) ''
- Andrea, in "'' ( 1966 ).
- Android 18 , from '' Dragonball Z ''
- Androids in '' Westworld '' ( 1973 ). A female android refusing a guest's seduction causes a supervisor to suspect something is seriously wrong.
- Naomi Armitage from '' Armitage III '' ( 1997 ) .
- Andromeda from '' A For Andromeda '' ( 1961 ) and '' The Andromeda Breakthrough '' ( 1962 ).
- '' ( 1967 ).
- Ashley, from '' Cybergirl '' ( 2001 - )
- Assorted gynoids, from '' Robot Stories '' ( 2003 ).
- ANI from '' Mercy Point '' ( 1998 - 1999 ).
- April and Buffybot from '' Buffy The Vampire Slayer '' ( 1997 - 2004 ).
- Betty, in "Directly from My Heart to You" an episode from '' Twisted Tales '' ( 1996 ).
- D'Anna Biers from '' Battlestar Galactica '' ( 2005 - ).
- Bloodberry from '' Saber Marionette '' R/J/J Again/J To X
- Android version of Calliope Jones on '' Days Of Our Lives ''( 1985 )
- Android and Replicator versions of Samantha Carter , from '' Stargate SG-1 '' ( 1998 , 2002 , 2004 ).
- Annalee Call from '''' ( 1997 ).
- Cassandra from ''Android'' ( 1983 ).
- Cherry from '' Saber Marionette '' R/J/J Again/J To X
- Cherry 2000 from '' Cherry 2000 '' ( 1987 ).
- Chii (Elda) from '' Chobits '' ( 2002 )
- Cho from '' {Link without Title} Divine Endurance''(( 1984 )
- Cybergirl/Ashley from '' Cybergirl '' ( 2001 )
- Disposable women, from an early issue of Mad Magazine
- R. Dorothy Wayneright , from '' The Big O ''
- Dot Matrix, from '' Spaceballs ''
- Dot Matrix, from '' ReBoot '' (a completely different character from the one in the movie ''Spaceballs'')
- Dural, from '' Virtua Fighter '' videogame series by SEGA/AM#2
- Eve VIII, from ''Eve of Destruction'' ( 1991 ).
- Eve Edison from '' Mann & Machine '' ( 1992 ).
- Fem bots from '' Austin Powers ''
- Fem bots from the TV series, '' The Six Million Dollar Man '' and '' The Bionic Woman ''
- Four pleasure gynoids in '' Cyberzone '' ( 1995 ).
- Freya from '' Chobits '' ( 2002 ).
- Galatea from '' Bicentennial Man '' ( 1999 ).
- Galaxina from ''Galaxina'' ( 1980 ).
- Guri , assistant to Prince Xizor in '' Shadows Of The Empire '' from the '' Star Wars '' Expanded Universe .
- Hadaly from Viller's de L'Isle Adam's novel ''L'Eve future'' ( 1879 ).
- Helen O'Loy from Lester del Rey's novel ''Helen O'Loy'' ( 1938 ).
- HMX-12 Multi and HMX-13 Serio from '' ToHeart ''
- HMX-17a Ilfa from '' ToHeart2 ''
- Jaycie Triplethree (or JC 333) from the play by Alan Ayckbourn '' Comic Potential '' ( 1998 ).
- Jennifer Chow in the play ''The Intelligent Design of Jennnifer Chow'' ( 2005 )
- "Jenny" XJ-9 Wakeman from '' My Life As A Teenage Robot '' 2003 -present
- Jessica from '' Screamers '' ( 1995 ).
- Ilia from '''', after she returns from being converted into a nano-machine being by Vger.
- KAY-Em 14, from ''Jason X'' ( 2001 ).
- KOS-MOS is an armored female android from the PS2 series '' Xenosaga ''.
- '' Episode " The Offspring "; referred to as an android.
- Lana and Greta, from Grid Runners (aka ''Virtual Combat'') ( 1994 ).
- Lime from '' Saber Marionette '' R/J/J Again/J To X
- Lisa from '' Weird Science '' ( 1985 ).
- Losira replicants, in "'' ( 1969 ).
- Dee Model from Ken MacLeod 's ''The Stone Canal'', referred to as gynoid within the book.
- Mahoro from Mahoromatic 1-2
- Marine from '' Saber Marionette '' J Again
- May from '' Hand Maid May ''
- Perhaps the original film Gynoid, the robot "Maria" (also referred to as Futura, Hel, or the Robotrix) in 1927's '' Metropolis '', or the mysterious girl in its Japanese Remake .
- Mecha Rinrin in '' Sister Princess ''
- Melfina from '' Outlaw Star ''.
- Mona Lisa, in "Mona Lisa" an episode from '' The Outer Limits '' ( 2003 ).
- Nightbird from the Transformers episode "Enter the Nightbird".
- Niya from ''Humanoid Woman'' ( 1981 ).
- Olga from ''The Perfect Woman'' ( 1949 ).
- Olympia in Jacques Offenbach 's '' Les Contes D'Hoffmann ''.
- Ping from '' Megatokyo ''
- Pixie from ''Buttobi CPU''
- Pris from '' Blade Runner '' ( 1982 ).
- Rachael Tyrell from '' Blade Runner '' ( 1982 ).
- Rayna Armitraj from ''''
- Rayna Kapec, in "'' ( 1969 ).
- Reverie (Hoshino Yumemi in the original Japanese version), a main character in the visual novel '' Planetarian ''.)
- Reese, in "Menace" an episode from '' Stargate SG-1 '' ( 2002 ).
- Rhoda from '' My Living Doll '' ( 1964 - 1965 ).
- Rommie from '' Andromeda '' ( 2000 - 2004 ).
- Ruth, in "Shore Leave" an episode from '''' ( 1966 ).
- Rya from '' Bonus Stage ''
- The Sexaroids Sylvie and Anri from '' Bubblegum Crisis ''
- Number Six from '' Battlestar Galactica '' ( 2003 - ).
- Six of one from the animated TV series '' Tripping The Rift '' ( 2004 ) - to present.
- Solty from '' Solty Rei ''.
- The replacement women in '' The Stepford Wives ''.
- The Supervisor droid, which controls the Electrocorp factory in the Video Game '' Rise Of The Robots ''.
- Synthetic females called Syns, from ''Future Syn'' ( 2004 ).
- Dr. Juliana Tainer (née O'Donnell), a replica of Data's ""; referred to as an android
- THELMA from '' Space Cases '' ( 1996 - 1997 ).
- '' ( 2003 ).
- Valerie 23, in "Valerie 23" an episode from '' The Outer Limits '' ( 1995 ).
- Sharon Valerii from '' Battlestar Galactica '' ( 2003 - ).
- Verda, in "The Android Machine" and "Revolt of the Androids" episodes from '' Lost In Space '' ( 1966 )
- VICI and Vanessa from '' Small Wonder '' ( 1985 - 1989 ).
- WD40, from '' Space Quest V '' ( 1993 ).
- Zhora from '' Blade Runner '' ( 1982 ).
- Several gynoids are featured throughout the ''Unreal'' Series .
- The female body of Project 2501 from '' Ghost In The Shell ''
- Geisha-like gynoids from ''''
- Female-like persocoms in '' Chobits '' ( 2002 )
- Several "marionettes" from '' Saber Marionette '' R/J/J Again/J To X
There are several names that are synonymous with the word "gynoid" in anime and manga, for example: persocom, marionette, and cyberdoll.
Japanese illustrator Hajime Sorayama is well-known for having female-shaped robots among his preferred themes.
- Adams, Alison (1998) ''Artificial Knowing: Gender and the Thinking Machine''. London and New York: Routledge. ISBN 0415129621
- Balsamo, Anne (1996) ''Technologies of the Gendered Body: Reading Cyborg Women''. Durham, NC: Duke University Press. ISBN 0822316862
- Haraway, Donna J. (1991) ''Simians, Cyborgs and Women: The Reinvention of Nature''. New York: Routledge. ISBN 0415903866
- Jordana, Ludmilla (1989) ''Sexual Visions: Images of Gender in Science and Medicine between the Eighteenth and Twentieth Centuries''. Madison, Wis.: University of Wisconsin Press. ISBN 0299122905
- Leman, Joy (1991) "Wise Scientists and Female Androids: Class and Gender in Science Fiction." In, Corner, John, editor. ''Popular Television in Britain''. London: BFI Publishing. ISBN 0-85170-269-4
- Warner, Marina (2000) reprint ''Monuments and Maidens: The Allegory of the Female Form''. Berkeley: Univ. of California Press. ISBN 0520227336
- Gaby Wood. ''Edison's Eve: A Magical History of the Quest for Mechanical Life''. (2002).
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