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The gulf derives its name from the former names of the coasts of Africa. The south coast of , Guinea-Bissau , and Equatorial Guinea , as well as New Guinea in Melanesia .

There are three , the Volta , and the Congo River . The coastline on the gulf includes the Bight Of Benin and the Bight Of Bonny .

Guinea, Gulf of , large open arm of the Atlantic Ocean formed by the great bend of the coast of W Africa. It extends from the western coast of Côte d'Ivoire to the Gabon estuary and is bounded on the south by the equator. The bights of Benin and Biafra belong to the gulf. The exploitation of major offshore oil deposits began in the late 1990s. There are also metal ore deposits. Islands in the gulf include Bioko (formerly called Fernando Po), São Tomé, and Principe.