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| british fighter aircraft 1940-1949 | |
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The Gloster Meteor was the first Jet Fighter Aircraft of the British Royal Air Force , introduced into service only weeks after the Third Reich 's Messerschmitt Me 262 , in August 1944 during World War II . It was thus the second fighter jet in history and the first of the WWII Allied powers. Versions of the Meteor remained in front-line service for many years, and as a Night Fighter even longer. In early 1946 Gp Capt Teddy Donaldson broke the world speed record in a Meteor IV EE549 at 616 mph TAS . Test pilot Roland Beamont had previously taken the same aircraft to its compressibility limit at 632 mph, but not under official record condition and outside its official safety limits. HISTORY Development began in November 1940 following the invention of the Turbojet by Frank Whittle in 1929. Designed by George Carter of the Gloster Aircraft Company , eight prototypes were produced. Originally the aircraft was to have been named ''Thunderbolt'', but confusion with the Republic P-47 led to a name change to ''Meteor''. The fifth prototype was the first Meteor to fly, when it made its first test flight on March 5 , 1943 , piloted by Michael Daunt . The prototypes were powered by two De Havilland Halford H.1 turbojets, but De Havilland reserved the production of these engines for its own De Havilland Vampire design. For the production Meteor Mk. I the engine was switched to the Whittle W.2 design, by then taken over by Rolls-Royce . The current W.2B/23C turbojet engines produced 7.56 kN of thrust each, giving the plane a maximum speed of 417 mph (670 km/h) at 3,000 m, and had a range of 1,610 km. It was 12.5 m long with a span of 13.1 m, had an empty weight of 3,690 kg, and a maximum take-off weight of 6,260 kg. The construction was all-metal with conventional low straight wings, the turbojets were mid-mounted in the wings, and the Tailplane was high-mounted to keep it clear of the jet exhaust. It was armed with four 20 mm Hispano cannons. Typical of early jet aircraft, the Meteor suffered from stability problems at high trans-sonic speeds. The aircraft experienced large trim changes, high stick forces, and self-sustained yaw instability (snaking) due to airflow separation over the thick tail surfaces 1. The first aircraft were delivered to the Royal Air Force on July 12 to No. 616 Squadron, 1944 and one was also sent to the US in exchange for a Bell YP-59A Airacomet for comparative evaluation.No. 616's Meteor Mk. I's saw action for the first time on July 27 , 1944 against the V1 Flying Bomb ultimately destroying 14 flying bombs. The Meteor never saw aerial combat against the Luftwaffe despite flying limited missions over Germany from January 1945, using the Mk. III variant from bases in Belgium . RAAF service during the Korean War The duties, a role in which it performed well. While at least 29 Meteors were lost as a direct result of enemy action in Korea, the vast majority of these were shot down by anti-aircraft fire while serving in a ground attack capacity. {Link without Title} Other air forces Production of the aircraft continued until 1954 and almost 3,900 were made, mainly the Mk. 8. The Meteor was also operated by the airforces of Argentina , Australia , Belgium , Brazil , Denmark , Ecuador , Egypt , France , Israel , Netherlands , New Zealand , Syria and Sweden . Late versions, beginning with the F.8 in 1948 were the first British production aircraft to be equipped with Ejection Seat s. Although many Gloster Meteors survive in Museums and collections only five remain airworthy, four in the United Kingdom and a F8 fighter which was exported to Australia in 2002. The photo shows an Armstrong Whitworth Meteor NF11. In 1945 a single Meteor I, ''EE227'', (right) was fitted with two Rolls-Royce Trent Turboprop engines, making it the world's first turboprop-powered aircraft. VARIANTS
SPECIFICATIONS (METEOR F MK 8)
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