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Gloster Gladiator




The Gloster Gladiator was a Biplane Fighter , used by the Royal Air Force and the Royal Navy , as well as a number of other air forces, during World War II . The Aircraft had a top speed of around 414 km/h. Gladiators were also modified for Carrier operations and flown by the Royal Navy, where it was known as the '''Sea Gladiator'''.


HISTORY

First flown in 1934, and introduced into service in 1937, the Gloster Gladiator was developed from the Airport, consisting of seven functional Gladiators, managed to shoot down a total of five German aircraft on April 9 1940 the first day of Weserübung . That day the Luftwaffe lost two Messerschmitt Bf-110 fighters, two He-111 Bombers and a Ju-52 Transport . One Norwegian fighter was shot down during the air battle, by the future ''Experte'' Helmut Lent , while two were destroyed on the ground while refueling and rearming on Fornebu Airport . The four remaining fighters were ordered to land wherever, just not on their Fornebu Base . The fighters scattered, landing on frozen lakes around Oslo , and never returned to combat.

The Gladiators were also used by two RAF fighter Squadron s during the remaining two months of the Norwegian Campaign . No Norwegian Army Airforce aircraft were able to evacuate after the June 10 Surrender of the Mainland Norwegian forces. Only aircraft of the Norwegian Naval Airforce had the range to fly all the way from their last bases in Northern Norway to the UK . Included amongst the Norwegian aircraft that reached the British Isles were a number of German made Heinkel He 115 Seaplane bombers, as well as a captured Arado Ar 196 originating from the German Heavy Cruiser Admiral Hipper . The Norwegian surrender followed the Evacuation of the Allied forces in Norway after the success of the German Fall Gelb in France and the Low Countries .

In the North African theatre the Gladiator achieved some success against the Italian Air Force , which was equipped with a mix of biplanes and early design Monoplanes . Its most notable exploit came in the defence of Malta , that, for a brief period, was defended by a small forces of gladiators, giving origin to the myth that only three Sea Gladiator aircraft, named ''Faith'', ''Hope'' and ''Charity'' formed the entire Air Defence of the island.

In the Far East the Gladiator fared little better against the modern machines of the Japanese than it had against the Germans. It played a part in the short-lived defense of Singapore .

Carrier based Sea Gladiators were more successful, since its slower speed made it more suitable for carrier operations and it was less likely to be facing modern fighter opposition.

The Gladiator was also exported for use by the air forces of 13 other countries.


QUOTES

  • Anonymous Maltese

  • --- " Gladiators worked miracles and must have frightened the Italians." (''1 - p.37'')


See also:


NOTABLE GLOSTER GLADIATOR PILOTS



SPECIFICATIONS (GLOSTER GLADIATOR MK.I)

  plane Or Copter plane
  jet Or Prop prop
  crew 1
  length Main 27 ft 5 in
  length Alt 84 m
  span Main 32 ft 3 in
  span Alt 98 m
  height Main 11 ft 7 in
  height Alt 32 m
  area Main 323 ft&2
  area Alt 30 m&2
  empty Weight Main 3,444 lb
  empty Weight Alt 1,560 kg
  loaded Weight Main 4,864 lb
  loaded Weight Alt 2,205 kg
  max Takeoff Weight Main lb
  max Takeoff Weight Alt kg
  engine (prop) Bristol Mercury IX
  type Of Prop Radial Engine
  number Of Props 1
  power Main 850 hp
  power Alt 630 kW
  max Speed Main 257 mph
  max Speed Alt 414 km/h
  max Speed More at 14,600 ft (4,500 m)
  range Main 444 mi
  range Alt 710 km
  ceiling Main 33,500 ft
  ceiling Alt 10,200 m
  climb Rate Main 2220 ft/min
  climb Rate Alt 112 m/s
  loading Main lb/ft&sup2
  loading Alt kg/m&sup2
  power/mass Main hp/lb
  power/mass Alt W/kg
  guns 4x 0303 in (77 mm) Browning machine guns




OPERATORS

  • Belgium, China, Egypt, Eire (Ireland), Finland, Greece, Iraq, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, Portugal, South Africa, Sweden, United Kingdom (Fleet Air Arm, Royal Air Force),



UNITS USING THE GLOSTER GLADIATOR


Royal Air Force

  • No. 1 Squadron

  • No. 3 Squadron

  • No. 6 Squadron

  • No. 14 Squadron

  • No. 25 Squadron

  • No. 33 Squadron

  • No. 54 Squadron

  • No. 56 Squadron

  • No. 65 Squadron

  • No. 72 Squadron

  • No. 73 Squadron

  • No. 80 Squadron

  • No. 85 Squadron

  • No. 87 Squadron

  • No. 94 Squadron

  • No. 112 Squadron

  • No. 117 Squadron

  • No. 123 Squadron

  • No. 127 Squadron

  • No. 141 Squadron

  • No. 152 Squadron

  • No. 237 Squadron

  • No. 247 Squadron

  • No. 261 Squadron

  • No. 263 Squadron

  • No. 267 Squadron

  • No. 274 Squadron

  • No. 520 Squadron

  • No. 521 Squadron

  • No. 603 Squadron

  • No. 604 Squadron

  • No. 605 Squadron

  • No. 607 Squadron

  • No. 615 Squadron



Fleet Air Arm

  • No. 800 Squadron

  • No. 801 Squadron

  • No. 802 Squadron

  • No. 804 Squadron

  • No. 805 Squadron

  • No. 806 Squadron



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