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Location: Oceania , islands in the South Pacific Ocean , southeast of Australia Geographic Coordinates : Map references: Oceania Area: ''total:'' 268,680 Km² ''note:'' includes Antipodes Islands , Auckland Islands , Bounty Islands , Campbell Island Group , Chatham Islands , and Kermadec Islands Area - comparative: about the size of the United Kingdom , Italy , or Colorado Land boundaries: 0 km Coastline: 15,134 Km Maritime claims: ''continental shelf:'' 200 Nautical Mile s (370 km) or to the edge of the continental margin ''exclusive economic zone:'' 200 nautical miles (370 km) ''territorial sea:'' 12 nautical miles (22 km) Climate: Temperate with sharp regional contrasts Terrain: predominantly mountainous with some large coastal plains Elevation extremes: ''lowest point:'' Pacific Ocean 0 m ''highest point:'' Aoraki/Mount Cook 3754 m Natural resources: Natural Gas , Iron Ore , Sand , Coal , Timber , Hydropower , Gold , Limestone , Oil , Silver , Jade Land use: '' Arable Land :'' 5.8% ''permanent crops:'' 6.44% ''other:'' 87.76% (1993 est.) Irrigated land: 2,850 km² (1998 est.) Natural hazards: Earthquake s are common, though usually not severe; Volcanic activity Environment - current issues: Deforestation ; Water Pollution ; Soil Erosion ; native flora and fauna hard-hit by introduced species. Environment - international agreements: ''party to:'' Antarctic-Environmental Protocol , Antarctic-Marine Living Resources , Antarctic Treaty , Basel Convention Biodiversity , Climate Change , Desertification , Endangered Species , Environmental Modification , Hazardous Wastes , Law Of The Sea , Marine Dumping , Nuclear Test Ban , Ozone Layer Protection , Ship Pollution , Tropical Timber 83 , Tropical Timber 94 , Wetlands , Whaling ''signed, but not ratified:'' Antarctic Seals , Climate Change- Kyoto Protocol , Marine Life Conservation Geography - notes: Wellington is the southernmost national capital in the world. SEE ALSO
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