Information AboutFricative Consonant |
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| fricative consonants | |
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Fricatives (or '''spirants''') are Consonant s produced by forcing air through a narrow channel made by placing two articulators close together. These are the lower lip against the upper teeth in the case of , or the back of the tongue against the soft palate in the case of German , the final consonant of ''Bach''. This turbulent airflow is called '''frication'''. A particular subset of fricatives are the ''' Sibilant s''' (sometimes referred to as '''stridents'''). When forming a sibilant, one still is forcing air through a narrow channel, but in addition the tongue is curled lengthwise to direct the air over the edge of the teeth. English , , , and are examples of this. Sibilant fricatives
All sibilants are , or Apical , and each of these is given a separate symbol and a separate name. Prototypical retroflexes are Sub-apical and palatal, but they are usually written with the same symbol as the apical postalveolars. The alveolars and dentals may also be either apical or laminal, but this difference is indicated with diacritics rather than with separate symbols. Central non-sibilant fricatives
Lateral fricatives
Symbols used for both fricatives and approximants No language distinguishes voiced fricatives from approximants at these places, so the same symbol is used for both. For the pharyngeals and epiglottals, approximants are more numerous than fricatives. A fricative realization may be specified by adding the Uptack to the letters, . Likewise, the Downtack may be added to specify an approximant realization, . Pseudo-fricatives The glottal "fricatives" are actually unaccompanied Phonation states of the glottis, without any accompanying manner, fricative or otherwise. However, they are called fricatives for historical reasons. In addition, is usually called a " Voiceless Labial-velar Fricative ", but it is actually an approximant. True doubly-articulated fricatives do not appear to occur in any language. LANGUAGES See Table Of Consonants for a table of fricatives in English. Ubykh may be the language with the most fricatives, with 27, some of which do not have symbols or diacritics in the IPA. This number actually outstrips the number of all consonants in English (which has 24 consonants). By contrast, many languages have no phonemic fricatives at all, and this is a common feature of many Australian Aboriginal Languages . SEE ALSO |
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