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Barrow and Tipler state that, although the FAP is a purely physical statement, the "validity of the FAP is the physical precondition for moral values to arise and so to continue to exist in the universe: no moral values of any sort can exist in a lifeless cosmology. Furthermore, the FAP seems to imply a Melioristic cosmos (a tendency throughout nature toward improvement). The FAP does not imply stability of the and spin state of Positronium atoms (although the positronium Half-life of 100 Nanoseconds would require other, more stable, particles to also exist). Barrow and Tipler make a "very tentative prediction" that the FAP appears to imply that the Universe is either flat or closed (and not open; see Topology Of The Universe ). Critics of the Final Anthropic Principle claim that its arguments violate the Copernican Principle , that it incorrectly applies the laws of Probability , and that it is really a theology or metaphysics principle made to sound plausible to laypeople by using the esoteric language of physics. ARGUMENTS TO JUSTIFY THE EVENTUAL EXTINCTION OF LIFE Many scientists have used the Second Law Of Thermodynamics to argue that “ Life ” (defined by Barrow and Tipler to be information processing capability) must eventually die out. Occasionally, such proofs are based on the improbable assumption that the Universe remains at a constant temperature; despite Evidence that the Universe Is Cooling (and thus Heat Engine s operate with increasing efficiency). Barrow and Tipler consider such arguments and quote Pierre Duheim , who wrote in 1914 : :"The deduction the Heat Death from the Second Law of thermodynamics is marred in more than one place by Fallacies . First of all, it implicitly assumes the assimilation of the universe to a finite collection of bodies isolated in a space absolutely devoid of matter; and this assimilation exposes one too many doubts. Once this assimilation is admitted, it is true that the Entropy of the universe has to increase endlessly, but it does not impose any lower or upper limit on this entropy; nothing then would stop this magnitude varying from to as time itself varied from to ; then the allegedly demonstrated impossibilities regarding an eternal life for the universe would vanish" Selected quotes which assume FAP
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