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In International Maritime Law , an Exclusive Economic Zone ('''EEZ''') is a seazone over which a State has special rights over the exploration and use of Marine Resource s. Generally a state's EEZ extends to a distance of '''200 Nautical Mile s''' (370 km) out from its coast, except where resulting points would be closer to another country. Technically it does not include the state's Territorial Waters , so the EEZ's inner boundary follows the borders of the state's territorial waters (usually 12 nautical miles from the coast). This concept of allotting nations EEZs to give better control of maritime affairs outside territorial limits gained acceptance in the late 20th Century and was given binding international recognition by the Third United Nations Convention On The Law Of The Sea in 1982 . Part V, Article 55 of the Convention states: ::''Specific legal regime of the Exclusive Economic Zone'' The Exclusive Economic Zone is an area beyond and adjacent to the Territorial Sea , subject to the specific legal regime established in this Part, under which the rights and jurisdiction of the coastal State and the rights and freedoms of other States are governed by the relevant provisions of this Convention. Fisheries Management is a significant aspect of the resulting control. Disputes over the exact extent of Exclusive Economic Zones are a common source of conflict between states over marine waters. One well-known example of such a dispute is the Cod War s between the United Kingdom and Iceland . The South China Sea is the site of an ongoing dispute between several neighboring nations. Regions where a permanent Ice Shelf extends beyond the coastline are also sources of potential dispute. {Link without Title} . RANKINGS BY AREA BY COUNTRY Argentina 1,159,063 km&2 India
Portugal
Australia
Australia has the third largest Exclusive Economic Zone, behind the United States and France , but ahead of Russia , with the total area actually exceeding that of its land territory. As per UN convention, Australia's EEZ generally extends 200 nautical miles (370 km) from the coastline of Australia and its External Territories , except where a maritime delimitation agreement exists with another state . Australia has also claimed, in its submission to the UN Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf, an EEZ of 200 nautical miles (370 km) from its Antarctic Territory but has requested it not be considered, in accordance with the Antarctic Treaty . Nevertheless, Australia maintains the right to explore and exploit the seabed and water column within its EEZ.
Brazil
source {Link without Title} Canada Canada is unusual in that its Exclusive Economic Zone, covering 2,755,564 km&2, is slightly smaller than its territorial waters . The latter generally extend only 12 nautical miles from the shore, but also include inland marine waters such as Hudson Bay (about 300 nautical miles across), the Gulf Of Saint Lawrence and the internal waters of the Arctic Archipelago . France Due to its numerous overseas departments and territories scattered on all oceans of the planet, France possesses the second-largest EEZ in the world, covering 11,035,000 km&2 (4,260,000 mi&2), just behind the EEZ of the United States (11,351,000 km&2 / 4,383,000 mi&2), but ahead of the EEZ of Australia (8,232,000 km&2 / 3,178,000 mi&2). According to a different calculation cited by the '' Pew Research Center '', the EEZ of France would be 10,084,201 km&2 (3,893,532 mi&2), behind the United States (12,174,629 km&2 / 4,700,651 mi&2), but ahead of Australia (8,980,568 km&2 / 3,467,416 mi&2) and Russia (7,566,673 km&2 / 2,921,508 mi&2). The EEZ of France covers approximately 8% of the total surface of all the EEZs of the world, whereas the land area of the French Republic is only 0.45% of the total land area of the Earth. New Zealand New Zealand 's EEZ covers approximately 4,083,744 km&2 , which is roughly fifteen times the land area of the country. Russia
source {Link without Title} United Kingdom 764,071 km&2
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