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Endemic (ecology)




In Biology and Ecology endemic means exclusively native to a place or Biota , in contrast to Cosmopolitan or Introduced . However, it is also differentiated from Indigenous : a species that is endemic is unique to that place or region, found naturally nowhere else, whereas a species that is indigenous may be native to other locations as well. Usually the term is applied to a discrete geographical unit, most often an island or island group, but sometimes a country or other defined area.

Islands are especially likely to develop endemic forms because of their geographical isolation; remote island groups, such as Hawaii and the Galápagos Islands , have large numbers of endemic species. The restricted area and vulnerability to the depredations of man and Introduced Species mean that endemics all too easily can become Extinct .

Endemism can also develop in other biologically isolated areas, such as the highlands of Ethiopia or large bodies of water like Lake Baikal .

According to the World Wildlife Fund , the following Ecoregions have the highest percentage of endemic plants:



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