Information About

Deductive-nomological
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BACKGROUND


The D-N model is taught implicitly in schools, and constitutes the pre-reflective conception of science, which many non-experts hold. It was initially formalised by Carl Hempel , although a sketch of it can be found in Popper's ''Logic of Scientific Discovery''.

The model is Positivist in tone and implication, devised as a prescriptive form for scientific explanations, but due to the way that the model eschews any account of Causality , Scientific Modelling , or Simplification , it is no longer accepted as dogma.


FORMALISATION


The model sets the following form for Scientific Explanation , similar to that of a Sum or Calculation :

  • P (Explanandum) - statements that describe the phenomenon to be explained and provide a description of the phenomena

  • S (Explanans) - statements that "explain" the statements in '''P''', at least one of which is a specific statement, and at least one general, "law-like" statement (ex., "all Xs are Ys")


The final consideration of form pertains to the relation between the explanans (S) and the explanandum ('''P'''). This relation is one of Logical Entailment - given the set of explanans statements, it must be possible to Deduce the explanandum.